Space in an Atom: What is the Nature of this Space?

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    Atom Space
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the nature of the space within an atom, exploring whether it can be likened to the space-time concept introduced by Albert Einstein. Participants examine the implications of quantum mechanics and general relativity in understanding atomic structure and the characteristics of this space.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant asserts that an atom is mostly empty space and questions the nature of this space, suggesting a potential connection to Einstein's space-time.
  • Another participant agrees in theory but notes that applying Einstein's model to atomic scales is complex and currently a significant area of research, emphasizing the dominance of quantum mechanical effects in this context.
  • A detailed calculation is presented regarding the dimensions of a carbon atom compared to its nucleus, highlighting the vast difference in scale and the presence of a high electric field near the nucleus that can produce virtual particles.
  • Another participant introduces the idea that the vacuum within atoms may also contain neutrinos, which are noted for their weak interactions with matter.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of atomic space and its relationship to concepts of space-time and vacuum characteristics. There is no consensus on these points, and multiple competing views remain.

Contextual Notes

Participants acknowledge the complexity of applying general relativity at atomic scales and the unresolved nature of quantum mechanical effects in this context. The discussion includes various assumptions about the properties of atomic space and the interactions of particles within it.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying atomic physics, quantum mechanics, and the interplay between general relativity and particle physics.

vibjwb
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If I understand it right an atom is made up of mostly empty space.
http://education.jlab.org/atomtour/fact3.html
What is the nature of this space?
Is it like the space-time that Albert Einstein spoke of?
 
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In theory, yes. In practice, applying Einstein's model of space time to spaces of this small is one of the big projects on which physicists are currently working. Einstein,s general relativity gives us a good understanding of how spacetime behaves over large areas. But the space can set an atom should be dominated by quantum mechanical effects, and no one really understands (yet) just how those effects will manifest themselves.
 
Let's consider a block of carbon. Its density is 2.25, and its gram molecular weight is 12, meaning that 12 grams, or 5.33 cubic cm, contains Avagadro's number, or 6 x 10^23 atoms. Then the "volume" of 1 atom of carbon is 8.88 x 10^-24 cubic cm, equivalent roughly to a cube 2.07 x 10^-8 cm on a side. But the carbon nucleus is perhaps a "sphere" with a radius of about 2 x 10^-13 cm. Thus the ratio of atom dimension to nucleus dimension is about 100,000 to 1. The volume ratio is about 10^15 to 1. Most of the mass of the carbon atom is in the nucleus, with 6 electrons "filling" the rest of the space. For most purposes this space is empty, except that very close to the nucleus, the electric field is very high. This high field occasionally produces virtual electrons and positrons, meaning that they exist only for very short times, and disappear as quickly as they were created. So yes, there is a lot of empty space in atoms, and no, the vacuum is not completely empty.
 
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I think the vacuum is also filled with a lot of neutrinos which do not interact with matters easily.
 

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