Space Temperature: Is There a Temperature in Space?

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    Space Temperature
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the concept of temperature in space, exploring whether space itself can be said to have a temperature and what that temperature might be. Participants also examine the temperature variations in different regions of the atmosphere and space, including the implications of cosmic microwave background radiation and the properties of interstellar and intergalactic mediums.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether space has a temperature due to the absence of air and material that can warm up from the sun.
  • Another participant explains that the average temperature of the universe is approximately 2.7 Kelvin, attributed to cosmic microwave background radiation, though temperatures can vary near stars and other objects.
  • A different participant clarifies that temperature is a property of matter, and the cosmic microwave background radiation affects matter in space, such as telescopes.
  • It is noted that space is not entirely void of matter, and some cosmologists ascribe properties like pressure, density, and temperature to the sparse gas found between stars and galaxies.
  • One participant highlights that while most interstellar space is very hot (over one million Kelvins), it is so tenuous that it would not warm a human body, which would instead cool rapidly due to radiative cooling.
  • Another participant mentions that intergalactic gas can reach extremely high temperatures (up to 50 million Kelvins) due to interactions with nearby galaxies, yet one would still freeze in such environments.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying views on the concept of temperature in space, with some agreeing on the existence of cosmic microwave background radiation as a reference point for temperature, while others emphasize the absence of temperature in the vacuum of space itself. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the implications of temperature in different regions of space.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion regarding the definitions of temperature and the assumptions about the properties of matter in space. The varying conditions in different regions of space and the effects of cosmic phenomena are also noted but not fully resolved.

marsi
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i was wathing a documentary about space and i came up with a (kind of stupid:blushing:...) question
since there's no air on space and no material that can get warm from the sun, is there a temperature out there? and if, then what is it?

and why is the temperature on the highest levels of the atmosphere much colder than on the ground?:confused:
 
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Actually your question is well justified, yet there is also an answer to it.

The temperature of the universe is determined by microwave radiation remaining after the Big Bang. Tedious measurements have found that this radiation is the same from every direction of the Universe. So even though temperature obviously varies considerably in near proximity of stars and other objects, the average temperature of the universe due to the "back-ground radiation" (which this microwave radiation is called) is acually as low as 2.7 Kelvin (some sources use 3K)
 
Welcome to PF, marsi! Spacetime, as you correctly observed, has no temperature. Temperature is strictly a property of matter. The CMB temperature is the excitation a chunk of matter [like a telescope] would experience in deep space due to CMB radiation.
 
Space, even the space between galaxies, is not entirely void of matter. Cosmologists think of this material between stars and between galaxies as a kind of atmosphere. While this atmosphere is nothing at all like the atmosphere you breath, it still does have substance. As such, one can ascribe quantities like pressure, density, and temperature to this gas.

Surprisingly, most of interstellar space is very hot: one million Kelvins or more. For example, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_medium#Interstellar_matter. Even more surprising, you would quickly freeze if you magically teleported to such a region of space. While this "gas" is very hot, it is also so extremely tenuous that it would not warm you in the least. Your body temperature would quickly drop to radiative cooling.

While most of intergalactic space is very cold (2.7K), the intergalactic gas can get extremely hot: 50 million Kelvins. Nearby galaxies do strange things to the intergalactic medium. Sonic booms, for example: http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20030913/fob1.asp and http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/features/articles/20060303.shtml . These shock waves heat the intergalactic medium up to incredible temperatures. And you would still freeze to death if you found yourself in one of these ultra-hot regions.
 
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