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This is an exercise from an old examination that I am trying to understand by following the given solution to this problem. The exercise is about to calculate the four spin average <SiSjSkSl> and the indices i,j,k and l, given a Hamiltonian H.
Solution:
The problem is that i can't follow the last two steps in this given solution. I understand how the partition function Z is obtained and how they express the four spin average as the trace of the four spins and the "density operator" (e^(-beta*H)/Z). But I am very confused about how they continue to the next last and last rows.
I'm thankful for explanations!
Solution:
The problem is that i can't follow the last two steps in this given solution. I understand how the partition function Z is obtained and how they express the four spin average as the trace of the four spins and the "density operator" (e^(-beta*H)/Z). But I am very confused about how they continue to the next last and last rows.
I'm thankful for explanations!