Substituting w=y' in the Differential Equation

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SUMMARY

The differential equation y''' - 5y'' + 6y' = 8 + 2sin(x) can be effectively solved by substituting w = y'. This substitution simplifies the process of finding both the homogeneous and particular solutions. The characteristic polynomial derived from the homogeneous equation is r^2 - 5r + 6 = 0, yielding roots r = 3 and r = 2. For the particular solution involving 2sin(x), the coefficients A and B are determined to be 1/5 through the method of undetermined coefficients.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
  • Familiarity with the method of undetermined coefficients
  • Knowledge of characteristic polynomials
  • Basic trigonometric functions and their derivatives
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the method of undetermined coefficients in detail
  • Learn how to derive and solve characteristic polynomials for ODEs
  • Explore the process of finding complementary and particular solutions for linear ODEs
  • Investigate the application of substitutions in solving differential equations
USEFUL FOR

Mathematics students, educators, and professionals dealing with differential equations, particularly those focusing on linear ODEs and their solutions.

Turion
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y'''-5y''+6y'=8+2sinx

If I let w=y', would I be able to solve this differential equation? I'm currently stuck and I just want to know if making this substitution is why I am stuck.
 
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Have you followed the procedure for solving a linear ODE?

First, solve the homogeneous equation.
Second, find the particular solution.
Third, add the particular solution to the complementary solution (of the homogeneous equation).
 
Turion said:
y'''-5y''+6y'=8+2sinx

If I let w=y', would I be able to solve this differential equation? I'm currently stuck and I just want to know if making this substitution is why I am stuck.
Yes, that works nicely.
If we look at the homogenous system, you get the characteristic polynomial, with e^rx as trial solution:
r^2-5r+6=0, giving r=3 and r=2 as possibles. Furthermore, you have w_p1=4/3, for the constant particular solution.
Now, in order to solve for the particular solution 2sinx, you generally will need w_p=Asin(x)+Bcos(x)

Inserting this gives you the two equations in A and B

sin(x): -A+5B+6A=2 goes to: 5A+5B=2
cos(x):-B-5A+6B=0 goes to: 5B-5A=0
Thus, A=B=1/5.
 

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