Supercooling of water-what's going on?

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In summary, the conversation discusses the process of supercooling water and the effects of impurities on its crystallization. It is explained that a small amount of energy is needed to start the freezing process and impurities can reduce the amount of energy needed. It is also mentioned that water can be cooled to -40degC before ice formation occurs, even without impurities present.
  • #1
BuddyPal
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Perhaps you have seen the videos of either beer or distilled/purified water flash freezing. What usually happens is someone has a bottle of water and he hits it on something, then the water in the bottle begins to freeze from top to bottom. Or sometimes someone has the bottle of supercooled water and they pour it over ice in a bowl and the water instantly turns into slushy.

I want to know how the water can supercool, and what effect impurities have on the crystallization of water.
 
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  • #2
BuddyPal said:
I want to know how the water can supercool, and what effect impurities have on the crystallization of water.
By the nature of this last statement, you seem to already know. Is there something specific you'd like clarified?
 
  • #3
It takes a small amount of energy to make the surface area of the first bit of ice. Even though you are going to release a lot more energy freezing the water you need to get over this initial hump. If there is already a small cavity like a spec of dust or a crack in the container to start from the amount of surface needed and so the energy is reduced.

You can cool water to about -40degC before the cooling becomes powerful enough to form ice anyway even if there are no impurities to start the process.
 
  • #4
Thanks, that clarifies a lot =)
 

1. What is supercooling of water?

Supercooling of water refers to the process in which water is cooled below its freezing point without actually freezing. This can happen when the water is very pure or if it is cooled very quickly, preventing ice crystals from forming.

2. Why does supercooling occur?

Supercooling occurs because water molecules need a surface or impurity to form ice crystals. When these are absent, the molecules remain in a liquid state even below the freezing point. The cooling process also needs to be quick enough to prevent ice crystals from forming.

3. Can supercooled water become frozen?

Yes, supercooled water can become frozen if it is disturbed or if an impurity is introduced. For example, tapping a supercooled water bottle can cause it to instantly freeze.

4. Is supercooling of water dangerous?

No, supercooling of water is not dangerous. It is a natural process that can occur in everyday situations, such as leaving a water bottle in a freezer for too long. However, it is important to handle supercooled water with caution as it can quickly turn to ice and potentially cause injuries.

5. How is supercooling of water used in scientific research?

Supercooling of water is used in scientific research to study the properties of water and the effects of impurities on its freezing point. It is also used in the production of some foods, such as ice cream, to create a smoother texture and prevent ice crystals from forming.

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