The Incredible Advances in Cosmology of the Last Decade

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Discussion Overview

The discussion focuses on identifying significant advances in theoretical and observational cosmology over the last decade. Participants explore various discoveries and their implications within the field, while also addressing the definitions and boundaries of cosmology itself.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants mention the discovery of dark energy and extrasolar planets, though others challenge the relevance of these discoveries to cosmology and their timing.
  • One participant suggests that the mapping of dark matter clouds through weak gravitational lensing represents a significant advance, citing the "Bullet Cluster" as a notable example.
  • Another participant highlights the WMAP observations and their contribution to understanding cosmic microwave background (CMB) angular statistics.
  • Discussion includes the idea of identifying the ten most significant discoveries in cosmology, indicating a desire for a broader perspective.
  • Correlated adiabatic polarization anisotropies discovered by WMAP are mentioned as strong evidence for inflation in the universe.
  • Participants discuss the standard structure-formation model, which simulates the formation of structures in the universe, questioning whether such simulations can be classified as discoveries.
  • One participant raises questions about the implications of ionized hydrogen in the early universe and the rapid formation of large black holes post-Big Bang.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on what constitutes significant advances in cosmology, with some emphasizing the importance of specific discoveries while others challenge their relevance or timing. The discussion remains unresolved regarding which discoveries should be prioritized.

Contextual Notes

Some claims rely on specific definitions of cosmology, and there are unresolved questions about the implications of certain discoveries and models presented in the discussion.

Tanelorn
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What advances is theoretical or observational cosmology in the last decade have for you been the most impressive?

This is open to all, but especially to the pros!
 
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Dark energy discovery (1990's) and extra-solar planets.
 
This seems like a hard problem. Mathman mentioned two great discoveries but one is not in cosmology and the other wasn't made in the last decade.

Finding extrasolar planets is local astronomy, can't really call it cosmology. Dark energy might simply be a positive Lambda in the Einstein equation, and not properly be called an energy. The discovery of a positive cosmo constant Lambda was indeed a great discovery. However it came in 1998.

Let's try to think of the 4 or 5 most impressive discoveries in cosmology that actually occurred in the last decade.

Would one of them be the mapping of clouds of dark matter by weak gravitational lensing (WGL)?
Astronomers have been able to make contour maps showing the density of DM surrounding clusters of galaxies. In effect "seeing" the DM by how it's gravity optically distorts images in the background. One famous case of this was the "Bullet Cluster" observation---actually of two clusters of galaxies having collided and passed through each other.
 
The WMAP observations (starting in 2001, which was the first release) pin down the CMB angular statistics much better.
 
Perhaps a better question would be, what are the 10 most significant discoveries or advances in the field of Cosmology?
 
WMAP's discovery of correlated adiabatic polarization anisotropies on superhorizon scales. Perhaps the strongest evidence so far for inflation.
 
Scroll down to 11/2 and then reflect on how much theoretical aspects in cosmology have accommodated observations. You might have to bring a big BS filter if you are a fan of conventional cosmology.

http://www.stsci.edu/institute/itsd/information/streaming/archive/STScIScienceColloquiaFall2005/
 
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How about the standard structure-formation model? Realized in computer simulations, starts out with uniformly distributed ordinary and dark matter, with very slight fluctuations estimated from CMB. The simulation shows DM falling together into concentrations which then help ordinary matter concentrations (such as galaxies) to form. And the picture resulting is remarkably like what we see----checks with observation in many ways.

Example of current state of structure-formation modeling is this video talk by Simon White (one of the top people in this area)
http://pirsa.org/11030121/
Excellent talk, well worth watching.

Can a computer model that simulates the gradual formation of the U be called a "discovery"?
 
Thanks for replies everyone, and Turbo, I agree, you can never have too much cowbell!

I liked slide 44, which shows that the universe is ionized hydrogen (protons) and thus opaque, from 300k years to 1B years.
So does this mean that there is little of none ionized gas still remaining in interstellar space?
How did such large black holes form so quickly after the BB?


Marcus, I am really enjoying the presentation by simon White, not finished yet.
 
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