The Mystery of Satellite Speed: Solving an Elliptical Orbit

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around determining the speed of a satellite in an elliptical orbit at varying altitudes, specifically comparing its speed at the high point and low point of the orbit. The context involves concepts from orbital mechanics and energy conservation.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning, Assumption checking

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants explore the use of energy conservation equations and Kepler's Laws to understand the relationship between speed and altitude in elliptical orbits. Questions arise about the application of these laws and the specifics of the areas swept by the satellite.

Discussion Status

Some participants have offered insights into the relationship between velocity and radius at different points in the orbit, while others express uncertainty about their calculations and the assumptions made. There is an ongoing exploration of different approaches to the problem without a clear consensus on the correct method.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the importance of accounting for the Earth's radius when calculating distances and speeds at different altitudes. There is also mention of varying interpretations of Kepler's Laws and their implications for the problem at hand.

hellothere123
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Homework Statement


A satellite is in an elliptical orbit at altitudes ranging from 230 to 890 km. At the high point it's moving at 7.23 km/s. How fast is it moving at the low point?

I would think i would have to use some sort of energy conservation equations. but i really don't know where to begin or how to set this up. any help would be greatly appreciated!. i would like to learn how to do this.
 
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I don't see why it wouldn't be 7.23 km/s at the low point...
 
hellothere123 said:

Homework Statement


A satellite is in an elliptical orbit at altitudes ranging from 230 to 890 km. At the high point it's moving at 7.23 km/s. How fast is it moving at the low point?

I would think i would have to use some sort of energy conservation equations. but i really don't know where to begin or how to set this up. any help would be greatly appreciated!. i would like to learn how to do this.

What does Kepler's Laws tell you about sweeping equal areas in equal times?
 
kepler's law says they sweep out equal area in equal times. but i do not know how much area they are sweeping and how long it takes to sweep the equal area.
 
hellothere123 said:
kepler's law says they sweep out equal area in equal times. but i do not know how much area they are sweeping and how long it takes to sweep the equal area.

Consider the velocity at aphelion and perihelion. At these 2 points they are moving ⊥ to the radius. Now you know that V = Δx/Δt For any small fixed Δt then you have a Δx and the radial distance.

Looking at the area of the triangle formed by this Δx and can't you say with some certainty that the areas will be equal, by Kepler's Law? A = 1/2*b*h.
So ...

1/2*Δx1*r1 = 1/2*Δx2*Δr2

Simplifying and dividing by Δt can't you say then that

V1*r1 = V2*r2?
 
well i did some crazy stuff and got it to work :P
but i tried with the v1r1 = v2r2, doesn't give me the right answer. i did 1/2 mv^2 + mgh where i found g at that height and it magically gave me the answer. so, did i get lucky? or did i do it right?
 
hellothere123 said:
well i did some crazy stuff and got it to work :P
but i tried with the v1r1 = v2r2, doesn't give me the right answer. i did 1/2 mv^2 + mgh where i found g at that height and it magically gave me the answer. so, did i get lucky? or did i do it right?

Don't forget that r1 = Re + Altitude1 and r2 = Re + Altitude2. Where Re is the radius of earth.
 
ahh you are right. i did not account for that. thanks for all the help!
 

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