The Validity of Force and Point Particles in Special Relativity

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the validity of the concepts of force and point particles within the framework of special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR). Participants explore the implications of these concepts on the understanding of relativistic mass, the Lorentz force law, and the stress-energy tensor, while considering the historical context and theoretical developments in physics.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that the concept of force and point particles should be discarded in favor of a field-based approach, arguing that Maxwell's equations challenge the compatibility of these concepts with special relativity.
  • Others argue that relativistic mass complicates the understanding of force in SR, asserting that 4-momentum provides a clearer framework for discussing dynamics.
  • One participant notes that point particles serve as useful idealizations in classical electromagnetism and that relativistic kinematics remains well-defined and useful.
  • There is a discussion about the potential obsolescence of force in GR, with some participants asserting that forces are not fundamental in either GR or quantum field theory, while others challenge this view.
  • Some participants express the need for compelling arguments to justify the dismissal of traditional notions of momentum and force in the context of GR.
  • One participant proposes a heuristic approach to motivate the transition from Newtonian gravitational mass to the stress-energy tensor, emphasizing the role of invariant mass and energy contributions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views on the relevance and utility of force and point particles in modern physics. There is no consensus on whether these concepts are obsolete or still hold value in certain contexts, indicating ongoing debate and differing perspectives.

Contextual Notes

Some participants highlight limitations in the traditional understanding of point particles and forces, particularly in relation to quantum field theory and GR, suggesting that these concepts may only serve as approximations rather than fundamental elements of the theories.

  • #61
atyy said:
The reference only claims to show it for quantum GR in very strong gravity (eg. near spacetime singularities), for which it is agreed that GR may not be spin 2.

You are completely confused.

One can read already from page 2 of the reference cited (bold font from mine):

There are many articles and books dealing with GR but only a few papers discuss FTG. Perhaps it is a consequence of wide-spread opinion that FTG is equivalent to GR and hence we need not spend time to study field gravity approach. [...] Indeed in papers of Thirring(1961) and Deser (1970) there were claims that field theory approach is identical with the geometrical one and there are no gravitational effects which could provide grounds to distinguish between them.
[...]
However, as it will be shown here, reality turns out to be much more complex and interesting. Actually GR and FTG are two alternative theories with different bases and different observational predictions. Of course, for the weak gravitational fields, which are available for experiments now, both theories give the same values of the classical
relativistic effects, but they profoundly different in the case of strong gravity, which will be obtainable in near future.

First, FTG and GR agree on weak gravity, are different for intermediate gravity and «profoundly different in the case of strong gravity»

Second, he writes about GR. Nowhere he writes about «quantum GR» as you pretend {*}.

Indeed, the section 3 of the paper is titled «Classical theory of tensor field». The interesting part for this thread is the subsection 3.3 «Thirring and Deser about identity of GR and FTG», where is shown why the previous claims by both about GR being equivalent or derivable from a classical field theory are incorrect.

The «Quantum theory of tensor field» is presented in section 4 {**}, but I repeat, the proof that GR (a classical theory) is not equivalent to the classical field theory of gravity is given before in section 3.

The 'derivations' presented here by Deser, Schieve, and other people are incorrect: GR is not equivalent to a field theory of gravity (FTG).

{*} Moreover, does not exist a consistent and accepted «quantum GR».

{**} There exists a classical FTG and a quantum FTG, somewhat as there exists a classical electrodynamics and a quantum electrodynamics.
 
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  • #62
juanrga said:
You are completely confused.

One can read already from page 2 of the reference cited (bold font from mine):
First, FTG and GR agree on weak gravity, are different for intermediate gravity and «profoundly different in the case of strong gravity»

Second, he writes about GR. Nowhere he writes about «quantum GR» as you pretend {*}.

Indeed, the section 3 of the paper is titled «Classical theory of tensor field». The interesting part for this thread is the subsection 3.3 «Thirring and Deser about identity of GR and FTG», where is shown why the previous claims by both about GR being equivalent or derivable from a classical field theory are incorrect.

The «Quantum theory of tensor field» is presented in section 4 {**}, but I repeat, the proof that GR (a classical theory) is not equivalent to the classical field theory of gravity is given before in section 3.

The 'derivations' presented here by Deser, Schieve, and other people are incorrect: GR is not equivalent to a field theory of gravity (FTG).

{*} Moreover, does not exist a consistent and accepted «quantum GR».

{**} There exists a classical FTG and a quantum FTG, somewhat as there exists a classical electrodynamics and a quantum electrodynamics.

Yes, you are probably right about what Baryshev intends to claim, maybe not from this paper, but I looked at some of his other papers, and he says what you say he does pretty clearly. In http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.2323 Baryshev cites Straumann as providing caveats about the equivalence of GR and FTG. Straumann's caveats seem pretty standard. Is Baryshev saying anything that Straumann or eg. Ortin are not saying? As I understand, the major restriction for the equivalence of FTG and GR is that the GR spacetime needs a nice topology and can be covered by nice coordinates like harmonic coordinates
 
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  • #63
atyy said:
Yes, you are probably right about what Baryshev intends to claim, maybe not from this paper, but I looked at some of his other papers, and he says what you say he does pretty clearly. In http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.2323 Baryshev cites Straumann as providing caveats about the equivalence of GR and FTG. Straumann's caveats seem pretty standard. Is Baryshev saying anything that Straumann or eg. Ortin are not saying? As I understand, the major restriction for the equivalence of FTG and GR is that the GR spacetime needs a nice topology and can be covered by nice coordinates like harmonic coordinates

Well it seems to me that the first paper cited before and the quotations given are pretty clear:

Baryshev said:
Actually GR and FTG are two alternative theories with different bases and different observational predictions

I cannot imagine how someone would misread that as «GR and FTG are the same theory».

Regarding the new preprint 0809 that you cite, the appeal to Straumann point is correct. Straumann point about BHs is close to the criticism done by Wald (in his famous textbook) against string theory. String theory starts from the incorrect supposition that (GR = spin-2 theory) but then defines causality (e.g. in the S-matrix) with regard to the original flat background instead of with regard to the GR real metric. Therefore it cannot be equivalent to GR.

However, the criticism done by Baryshev in the first paper cited before is more complete and applies beyond BHs.
 

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