Translating English Sentences into Logical Expressions with Nested Quanitifiers

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on translating English sentences into logical expressions using nested quantifiers, specifically in the context of a homework assignment involving students. The key statement to express is that there exists a student who has neither received an email nor been called by any other student. The correct logical expression is ∃x∀y(x≠y → (¬M(x,y) ∧ ¬T(y,x))). A participant questions the order of variables in the expression, suggesting a potential typo, but the consensus confirms the original expression is accurate.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of first-order logic and quantifiers
  • Familiarity with logical expressions and their components
  • Knowledge of the meanings of predicates M(x,y) and T(x,y)
  • Basic skills in translating natural language statements into formal logic
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the principles of first-order logic and quantification
  • Practice translating complex English sentences into logical expressions
  • Explore common logical predicates and their interpretations
  • Learn about potential pitfalls in logical expression syntax and structure
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for students studying logic, educators teaching formal logic, and anyone interested in the application of quantifiers in logical expressions.

nicnicman
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Hello everyone,

An example from a homework assignment has me stymied. There are two parts. Here they are:

First part:
Let M(x,y) be "x has sent y an e-mail message" and T(x,y) be "x has telephoned y," where the domain consists of all students in your class. Use quantifiers to express each of these statements. (Assume that all e-mail messages that were sent are received, which is not the way things often work.)

And the statement I'm having problems with:
There is a student in your class who has not received an e-mail message from anyone else in the class and who has not been called by any other student in the class.

Here is the answer from the book:
∃x∀y(x≠y → (¬M(x,y) ∧ ¬T(y,x)))

I agree with everything except for the order of x and y after M.
Why isn't it like this:
∃x∀y(x≠y → (¬M(y,x) ∧ ¬T(y,x)))

After all, since
M(x,y) = x has sent y an email message
and T(x,y) = x has telephoned y
it seems that y should come before x in both instances in the answer.

Could someone please clarify this for me.
Thanks.
 
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You are right.
 
Huh, must be a typo then. Thanks.
 

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