Two-Bodies Problem REAL SOLUTION

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the derivation of the time-dependent vector of motion r(t) in the context of the two-body problem in celestial mechanics. Participants seek mathematical assistance and clarification on the complexities involved in finding r(t) without resorting to classical r(θ) plane curve orbits.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses difficulty in recalling how to derive r(t) and requests mathematical help, specifically excluding classical r(θ) orbits.
  • Another participant references a Wikipedia page on the two-body problem, suggesting it as a resource.
  • A participant claims that there is no solution for r(t) in elementary functions and suggests finding θ(t) instead, which also lacks a solution in elementary functions.
  • The standard method for finding θ(t) involves determining the mean anomaly M(t) as a linear function of time, followed by solving Kepler's equation for the eccentric anomaly E(t), which is described as a transcendental function.
  • A participant questions the relevance of stating that the solution cannot be expressed in elementary functions.
  • Another participant clarifies that this statement indicates the absence of a closed-form solution.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the derivation of r(t) or the implications of the solution's dependence on non-elementary functions. Multiple viewpoints regarding the approach to the problem remain present.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the complexity of deriving r(t) and the reliance on non-elementary functions, which may limit the applicability of certain methods. There are unresolved mathematical steps and assumptions regarding the nature of the solutions.

Trifis
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hi everybody,

I've recently got down to celestial mechanics and I can't remember how I used to derive the time dependent vector of motion r(t). Any (mathematical) help would be appreciated.

PS: To avoid misundertandings, I don't need the classical r(θ) plane curve orbits!
 
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Trifis said:
hi everybody,

I've recently got down to celestial mechanics and I can't remember how I used to derive the time dependent vector of motion r(t). Any (mathematical) help would be appreciated.

PS: To avoid misundertandings, I don't need the classical r(θ) plane curve orbits!
There is no solution to r(t) in the elementary functions. You will need to find θ(t) (which also does not have a solution in the elementary functions) and then use that r(θ) that you don't want to use.

The standard way to find θ(t) is to first determine the mean anomaly M(t). This is pretty easy; the mean anomaly is simply a linear function of time. Then solve for the eccentric anomaly by via Kepler's equation [itex]M(t) = E(t) - e\sin(E(t))[/itex]. Kepler's equation is a transcendental function. The inverse Kepler function does cannot be expressed in the elementary functions. Once you have E(t), solve for θ(t) via [itex]\tan \frac {\theta(t)} 2 = \sqrt{ \frac {1+e}{1-e} } \tan \frac {E(t)} 2[/itex].
 
@mathman do you recognize a derivation of r(t) there? because I don't..

@D H I'll put your suggestion to test as soon as possible! I have a question though, what's the point of referring to the solution as not compiled with elementary functions?
 
Trifis said:
I have a question though, what's the point of referring to the solution as not compiled with elementary functions?
It means that there isn't a nice closed-form solution.
 

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