Understanding Acid Strength: Comparing Methanol and Methanamine

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SUMMARY

This discussion analyzes the acidity of two organic compounds: Methanol (CH3OH) and Methanamine (CH3NH2). Despite initial reasoning suggesting that Methanol is less acidic due to the electronegativity of oxygen, the conclusion is that Methanamine is actually more acidic. This is attributed to the ability of nitrogen to hold a positive charge less favorably than oxygen, making Methanamine more likely to release a hydrogen ion in solution. The acidic dissociation reactions for both compounds are provided for clarity.

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  • Understanding of organic chemistry concepts, specifically acidity and basicity.
  • Familiarity with electronegativity and its impact on bond strength.
  • Knowledge of acid-base reactions and dissociation equations.
  • Basic understanding of the structures of Methanol and Methanamine.
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  • Study the mechanisms of acid-base reactions in organic chemistry.
  • Research the role of electronegativity in determining acidity and basicity.
  • Explore the concept of conjugate acids and bases in relation to Methanol and Methanamine.
  • Learn about the impact of molecular structure on acidity using other organic compounds as examples.
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gaganpreetsingh
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I have two organic compounds, Methanol and Methanamine (CH3OH and CH3NH2). The question is to predict their relative acidity. I reasoned in this way. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. So methanol will bond the hydrogen more tightly since bond strength is directly proportional to the electronegative difference. So it will be difficult for it to give away it's Hydrogen. So it must be less acidic. But the answer is just the opposite. So what is wrong with my reasoning.
 
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Remember that acidic dissociation of methanol is C H_3 OH + H_2O \rightleftharpoons H_3 O ^ {+} \, (aq) + CH_3 O^{-}\,(aq).

Oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen, and will more favorably hold a negative charge than would nitrogen. Nitrogen will actually be more reluctant to release this hydrogen as a cation.

Methamine, on the other hand, would more likely react as:
CH_3NH_2 + H_2O \, \rightleftharpoons CH_3 NH_3^{+} \, (aq) + OH^{-} \, (aq).
 
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