Unpacking the Complexity of Human DNA

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the genetic differences between humans and primates, specifically chimpanzees, highlighting that while they share 99% of DNA, it is the 1% that accounts for significant distinctions. Additionally, the presence of approximately 2% Neanderthal DNA in modern humans raises questions about genetic variation and its implications. The conversation emphasizes that gene function is not strictly predictable, as genes can produce multiple protein products and their expression is crucial in determining phenotypic traits.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of genetic terminology, including "gene expression" and "genotype."
  • Familiarity with the concept of DNA sequencing and comparative genomics.
  • Knowledge of evolutionary biology, particularly human evolution and primate genetics.
  • Awareness of the role of regulatory networks in gene function.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research "gene expression regulation in humans" to understand how gene activity influences traits.
  • Explore "comparative genomics between humans and chimpanzees" for insights into genetic similarities and differences.
  • Investigate "the role of Neanderthal DNA in modern human genetics" to comprehend its impact on health and traits.
  • Study "protein diversity and function" to grasp how variations in genes lead to different protein products.
USEFUL FOR

Geneticists, evolutionary biologists, and anyone interested in understanding the complexities of human DNA and its implications for human evolution and health.

moriah
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TL;DR
Supposedly, chimpanzees and humans share 99% of DNA. Does this mean that it is 1% of our DNA that delineates us from them? Also, how does this figure with the 2% of neanderthal DNA that most humans today have?
What is in our DNA that separates us from other primates?
 
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moriah said:
Summary:: Supposedly, chimpanzees and humans share 99% of DNA. Does this mean that it is 1% of our DNA that delineates us from them? Also, how does this figure with the 2% of neanderthal DNA that most humans today have?

What is in our DNA that separates us from other primates?
You should google both of those factoids/questions to start. The numbers should be more precise. And your main question is pretty vague. I mean, you can see a lot of the similar and different traits, right?
 
I think the idea that each gene has a predictable and discrete function is a bit dated now, finding the same genes in different species doesn't necessarily mean they are doing the same thing. Many genes are capable of producing a number of protein products and operate in a regulatory network, It's how and when genes are expressed that produce the genotype. Genes provide information on relatedness but relatively small differences can lead to quite marked differences.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2018.00020/full
 
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