Unsolved Problems in Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around identifying significant unsolved problems in theoretical physics and astrophysics, with a focus on dark matter and dark energy. Participants explore whether these issues are theoretical or observational in nature and what implications they have for our understanding of the universe.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant expresses confusion about the adequacy of existing lists of unsolved problems in physics, suggesting that a lack of problems might imply a good understanding of the universe.
  • Another participant counters that dark matter and dark energy, which constitute a significant portion of the universe, remain largely unknown, indicating ongoing theoretical challenges.
  • Some participants argue that dark matter and dark energy are primarily observational problems rather than theoretical ones, questioning whether their existence suggests a near-complete understanding of the universe.
  • One participant humorously suggests a recursive nature to the problems, implying complexity in understanding the universe.
  • Another participant describes dark matter and dark energy as "dark fudge factors," indicating a sense of mystery surrounding these concepts.
  • There is a discussion about the empirical evidence for dark matter and dark energy, with references to the gravitational effects observed in galaxies and the accelerated expansion of the universe as key points of evidence.
  • Further elaboration on dark matter includes its necessity for explaining the motion of stars and galaxies, as well as observations from the Cosmic Microwave Background and structure formation in the early universe.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether dark matter and dark energy represent theoretical or observational problems, indicating a lack of consensus on the nature of these issues and their implications for our understanding of the universe.

Contextual Notes

Participants have not reached a resolution regarding the classification of dark matter and dark energy as theoretical or observational problems, and there are unresolved assumptions about the implications of these classifications for our understanding of the universe.

Stratosphere
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I have been wondering what some of the big problems in theoretical physics and astrophysics are. Through some research I have not been able to find a whole lot of them, I am starting to think that this means we have a good grasp on understanding the universe but then I realize that this can't possible be. So I am looking to you guys for some things that I may not have been able to find from these websites:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsolved_problems_in_physics

http://july.fixedreference.org/en/20040724/wikipedia/Unsolved_problems_in_physics
 
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Both lists look like they cover a lot of ground. Why don't you think they are adequate? For starters dark matter and dark energy add up to about 95% of the universe, but what they are is essentially unknown.
 
Yes but it seems to me that dark matter and energy aren’t theoretical problems they are more observational. And if these are the only problems left doesn't that mean that we have a near complete understanding of the universe?
 
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Stratosphere said:
Yes but it seems to me that dark matter and energy aren’t theoretical problems they more observational.
Well it must be turtles all the way down:smile:
 
I for my part find these dark fudge factors highly mysterious too :biggrin:
 
Stratosphere said:
Yes but it seems to me that dark matter and energy aren’t theoretical problems they are more observational. And if these are the only problems left doesn't that mean that we have a near complete understanding of the universe?

These things have been observed but there is no theory to describe them. I would call that a theoretical problem.
 
Excuse me, are there pieces of empirical evidence for dark matter and dark energy?



Yrreg
 
The evidence for dark matter is the amount of matter needed to hold galaxies and galactic clusters together is much greater than what can be accounted for by ordinary matter (stars, gas clouds, brown dwarfs, etc.), which is about 1/5 of what is needed.

The evidence for dark energy is the observation that the expansion of the universe is speeding up, rather than slowing down (which is what would be expected from gravity alone).
 
mathman said:
The evidence for dark matter is the amount of matter needed to hold galaxies and galactic clusters together is much greater than what can be accounted for by ordinary matter (stars, gas clouds, brown dwarfs, etc.), which is about 1/5 of what is needed.

In addition to the above evidence for dark matter from the motion of stars in galaxies and galaxies in clusters, dark matter is also needed to explain the observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), and the growth of structure in the early universe. All three of these different observations also point to roughly the same amount of dark matter.
 

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