Various Intuitions and Conceptualizations of Measurable Cardinals.

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The discussion centers on the challenges students face in understanding the concept of a measurable cardinal within Intermediate Set Theory. Many find it difficult to relate this advanced concept to more fundamental set theoretic ideas, particularly due to the abstract nature of non-principal ultrafilters in the power set P(X). The complexity of teaching measurable cardinals is highlighted, with an emphasis on the need for effective pedagogical strategies that connect these advanced ideas to basic concepts that students already understand. Participants express a desire to share methods for simplifying the teaching of measurable cardinals to enhance comprehension among students.
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The concept of a "measurable cardinal" is rather difficult for many students of "Intermediate" Set Theory to grasp in terms of more basic set theoretic concepts -- as opposed say to concepts dealing with the relations among various "universes" or "models" etc. In fact, much of the problem may derive from the difficulty of imagining a "non-principal ultrafilter" within the P(X), the Power set of X. Whatever the difficulties involved, the concept is, it seems, also very difficult to teach. I am thus interested in how other people here understand, or better, "grasp," what a measurable cardinal is and is not, and how they attempt to teach their students the concept using more basic concepts such students already comprehend.
 
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Sequences and series are related concepts, but they differ extremely from one another. I believe that students in integral calculus often confuse them. Part of the problem is that: Sequences are usually taught only briefly before moving on to series. The definition of a series involves two related sequences (terms and partial sums). Both have operations that take in a sequence and output a number (the limit or the sum). Both have convergence tests for convergence (monotone convergence and...
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