High School What is the energy of virtual particles in a vacuum?

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Virtual particles do not exist in the way commonly understood, as clarified by the uncertainty principle. Quantum mechanics does not provide a specific energy value for the vacuum, as absolute energy measurements are deemed meaningless; only energy differences are significant. The discussion highlights that while virtual particles are often referenced, they are more of a conceptual tool rather than tangible entities. The topic of energy in a vacuum becomes more complex when considering gravity, for which a complete quantum theory is still lacking. Overall, the nature of virtual particles and vacuum energy remains a nuanced area in quantum physics.
sirios
Hello everyone, I am here today with a doubt, I first apologize for my ignorance on the subject, but come on, the uncertainty principle predicts that in the "vacuum" there are virtual particle that cancels out constantly, but my question is: which is the amount of energy that exists in this vacuum in 1 cm ^ 2? the second question, and simpler: why does it happen? or quantum mechanics can not explain, again sorry for my ignorance.
 
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sirios said:
the uncertainty principle predicts that in the "vacuum" there are virtual particle that cancels out constantly
No it does not. Virtual particles do not exist. See phind's links for details.
sirios said:
which is the amount of energy that exists in this vacuum in 1 cm ^ 2?
1 cm3? Quantum mechanics doesn't make a prediction for that, it doesn't matter in quantum mechanics either (because absolute energy values are meaningless, only differences are important). This changes if you want to include gravity, but we don't have a full quantum theory of gravity.
 
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Thread 'Two equivalent statements of time reversal symmetric Hamiltonian'

Time reversal invariant Hamiltonians must satisfy ##[H,\Theta]=0## where ##\Theta## is time reversal operator. However, in some texts (for example see Many-body Quantum Theory in Condensed Matter Physics an introduction, HENRIK BRUUS and KARSTEN FLENSBERG, Corrected version: 14 January 2016, section 7.1.4) the time reversal invariant condition is introduced as ##H=H^*##. How these two conditions are identical?
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