What are the alternative theories for the end of the expanding universe?

  • Context: Undergrad 
  • Thread starter Thread starter durant35
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Future Universe
Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion explores alternative theories regarding the potential end scenarios of the expanding universe, examining concepts such as heat death, the possibility of a Big Crunch, and the implications of Boltzmann brains. Participants engage with theoretical models and the philosophical implications of infinity in relation to probability and existence.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants inquire about plausible models for the universe's end that do not involve eternal heat death, suggesting the need for alternative theories.
  • Others argue that the Big Crunch scenario has been largely dismissed in current cosmological models, which favor perpetual accelerated expansion.
  • A hypothesis is presented that all matter may eventually evaporate, leading to a state reminiscent of the pre-Big Bang universe, which could potentially fluctuate back into existence.
  • Participants discuss the concept of Boltzmann brains arising in a universe that resembles the pre-Big Bang state, with some questioning the validity of this idea based on observational evidence.
  • There is a contention regarding the implications of infinity on probability, with some asserting that low-probability events, such as the emergence of Boltzmann brains, are statistically certain in an infinite universe.
  • Others challenge the notion that probability can be meaningfully applied in the context of infinity, suggesting that not all theoretically possible events will necessarily occur.
  • Some participants propose that while the universe may be infinite in time, it is not uniform, which complicates the assumption that Boltzmann brains will inevitably form.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views, with no consensus reached on the viability of alternative end scenarios for the universe or the implications of Boltzmann brains. Disagreements persist regarding the application of probability in infinite contexts and the nature of the universe's uniformity.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include unresolved assumptions about the nature of matter evaporation, the conditions necessary for the emergence of Boltzmann brains, and the implications of infinity on probability. The discussion remains speculative without definitive conclusions.

  • #31
Chronos said:
Assuming all matter eventually evaporates [via Hawking radiation by black holes], the universe would then be empty of matter [a Milne universe]

This doesn't seem right. The universe after all matter has evaporated via Hawking radiation is not empty of stress-energy; the stress-energy is just in the form of radiation instead of matter. In the Milne universe, there is zero stress-energy (since the Milne universe is just Minkowski spacetime in a different coordinate chart).

Chronos said:
which would [presumably] resemble the state of the universe prior to the big bang

I assume by this you mean the state of the universe prior to inflation starting? Or are you assuming some other model? If you mean the state prior to inflation starting, that's not the same as the Milne universe either (or the same as a universe filled with Hawking radiation); at least, not as I understand the current contenders for inflationary models.
 
Space news on Phys.org
  • #32
Why shall the future be a universe without the chance of life, though we live in a universe, which supports the existence of life? This kind of view is really depressive.
 
  • #33
Gerhard Mueller said:
Why shall the future be a universe without the chance of life, though we live in a universe, which supports the existence of life? This kind of view is really depressive.
Science evaluates things based on what experiment reveals rather than on what one would like to be true.
 
  • #34
jbriggs444 said:
Science evaluates things based on what experiment reveals rather than on what one would like to be true.
The experiment you are talking about is "nature"! And "nature" supports life. There is no experimental hint that this will change.
 
  • #35
Gerhard Mueller said:
Why shall the future be a universe without the chance of life, though we live in a universe, which supports the existence of life? This kind of view is really depressive.
How shall the universe create and preserve life in the far future if there is nothing else than cold photon gas?
 
  • #36
I did not follow the full discussion but I would like to mention (one of my favorites) that Big Rip and Quantum fluctuations theories predict that the next big bang will be in 101056 years!
Yeah! ... we got time! ...
 
  • #37
Stavros Kiri said:
I did not follow the full discussion but I would like to mention (one of my favorites) that Big Rip and Quantum fluctuations theories predict that the next big bang will be in 101056 years!

Oh, what a tremendous waste of time. I would really appreciate a theory whith a much shorter renewal time of about a hundred billion (100_000_000_000) years.

May be we should check the possibility of a coordinated explosion of all black holes, if they are not kept blown-up by products of star activity.
 
  • #38
Gerhard Mueller said:
May be we should check the possibility of a coordinated explosion of all black holes, if they are not kept blown-up by products of star activity.

Since they all have different masses and will evaporate at different times, the probability is zero.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
3K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 13 ·
Replies
13
Views
6K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
3K
  • · Replies 19 ·
Replies
19
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
3K
  • · Replies 13 ·
Replies
13
Views
3K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K