What are the Essential Drawings for Piping and Mechanical Engineers?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the essential drawings and documentation required for piping and mechanical engineers, particularly in the context of piping design and installation. It includes various types of drawings, standards, and technical specifications relevant to the field.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Noorul Aman lists key drawings such as Piping and Instrument Diagrams (P&ID), piping isometrics, and vendor drawings as essential for field engineers.
  • Some participants emphasize the importance of the P&ID as a foundational document for pipe routing and instrumentation, noting its limitations in providing dimensional data.
  • A question is raised regarding the ASME codes applicable to process piping, with a participant suggesting B31.3 as the relevant code.
  • Participants discuss various types of beams and their specifications, with detailed explanations provided for terms like ISLB and ISMB.
  • There is a distinction made between pipes and tubes based on identification methods, with pipes defined by nominal bore (NB) and tubes by outer diameter (OD).
  • Participants inquire about the relationship between nominal bore and outer diameter for pipes, noting that they are equal from 14 inches and above.
  • Technical differences between machine bolts and stud bolts are clarified, highlighting their structural differences.
  • Welding practices are discussed, particularly the need for venting during the welding of pipe trunions to prevent gas buildup.
  • Participants explore the use of eccentric and concentric reducers in pump applications, with a focus on cavitation issues related to pump suction.
  • Definitions and calculations for Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) are provided, explaining its significance in pump operation.
  • ASTM codes for various piping materials are listed, including specifications for carbon steel pipes and fittings.
  • Selva reiterates the importance of the same set of drawings as Noorul Aman, indicating a shared understanding of essential documentation in the field.
  • Selva expresses interest in joining a piping course, seeking guidance from other participants.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the importance of specific drawings and standards in piping engineering, though there are varying opinions on the applicability of certain ASME codes and the technical details of piping components. The discussion remains unresolved on some technical distinctions and best practices.

Contextual Notes

Some technical terms and standards referenced may depend on regional practices or specific project requirements, which are not fully explored in the discussion. Additionally, certain assumptions about the audience's familiarity with industry terminology are present.

Who May Find This Useful

Mechanical engineers, piping designers, engineering students, and professionals involved in the construction and installation of piping systems may find this discussion beneficial for understanding essential documentation and technical specifications in the field.

amnoorulaman
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Dear Engineers,

I am Noorul Aman. I am a mechanical engineer in the field of PIPING AND CONST/ARCI.
Here I want to shear whatever I gather the information about engineering field with you.

Piping/Mechanical Design Drawings
GENERAL
The primary drawings that a Piping/Mechanical Field Engineer will use in the course of completing
a field assignment are:
· Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID)
· Piping Isometric
· Plot Plans
· Piping Class Sheets
· Piping Support Details and Hanger Drawings
· Vendor Drawings and Manuals
· Instrument and Tubing Drawings
· Standard Instrument Details
· Steam Heat Tracing Drawings
These drawings along with project installation specifications provide quality guidelines for properly
completing the assigned system.

----------- cont.
 
Engineering news on Phys.org
Piping and Instrument Diagram

The single most important drawing for the installation of piping systems is the Piping and
Instrument Diagram (P&ID). It provides the base design description of the required pipe routing
and sizing, flow direction and slope, instrumentation and controls, insulation, heat tracing, and
equipment and/or instrument references. This provides a road map to finding other drawings,
vendor data, and piping information to properly complete the installation. The P&ID does not
however provide dimensional data or physical locations of any commodities.
The Piping Line List and the Instrument Index are issued documents which often provide this
information.

--------------
cont...
pipingguide.blogspot.com
 
What is the ASME code followed for design of piping systems in Process
pipings (Refineries & Chemical Industries)?
(i) B31.1
(ii) B31.3
(iii) B31.5
(iv) B31.9
Answer (ii)

cont...
pipingguide.blogspot.com
 
What do you mean by following items?
i. )ISLB-400 ii) ISMB-600 iii) ISHB-350 iv) ISMC-300 v) ISJB-150 vi) ISLB-200
vii)ISMB-450 viii)ISWB-400 ix) ISJC-200 x) ISLC-350 xii) ISMC-250
Answer:
i. Indian STD light weight beam, Web size – 400
ii. Indian STD medium weight beam, Web size – 600
iii. Indian STD ‘H’ beam, Web size – 350
iv. Indian STD medium weight channel, Web size –300
v. Indian STD junior beam, Web size – 150
vi. Indian STD light weight beam, Web size – 200
vii. Indian STD medium weight beam, Web size – 450
viii. Indian STD wide flange beam, Web size – 400
ix. Indian STD junior channel, Web size – 200
x. Indian STD light weight channel, Web size – 350
xi. Indian STD medium weight channel, Web size – 250

cont...
pipingguide.blogspot.com
 
What is this item?
i. ISA-100X100X12 ii) ISA-80X50X10 iii)ISLT-100X100
Answer:
i. Equal angle size 100x12 THK
ii. Unequal angle size 80x50x10 THK
iii. Indian STD light weight tee bar size 100x100
 
What is the difference between Pipe and Tube?
Ans: Pipe is identified by NB and thickness is defined by Schedule whereas Tube is
identified by OD.
 
From which size onwards NB of pipe is equal to OD of Pipe?
Ans: From the size 14” and onwards NB = OD of pipe.
 
Write down the outside diameter of following pipe?
i. 3 inch ii) 6 inch iii) 10 inch iv) 14 inch
Answer:
i. 3 inch = 88.9mm ii)6 inch = 168.28mm
iii) 10 inch = 273.06mm iv) 14 inch = 355 mm(OD= Size X 25.4)
 
What is the difference between machine bolt and stud bolt?
Answer:
Machine bolt has a head on one side and nut on other side but stud bolt have nuts on
both sides.
 
  • #10
While welding of pipe trunion to pipe/reinforcement pad you have to put a hole
or leave some portion of welding why?
Answer:
For venting of hot gas which may get generated due to welding
 
  • #11
What do you mean by following type of welding?
i. SMAW ii)TIG
Answer:
ii. SMAW = SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING
iii. TIG = TUNGSTEN INTER GAS WELDING
 
  • #12
What should be the radius of long radius elbow?
Answer:
1.5D (Where “D” is the diameter of the pipe)
14. Normally where do we use the following?
i. Eccentric reducers ii)Concentric reducers
Answer:
i. Eccentric reducers = Pump suction to avoid Cavitation, To maintain elevation (BOP) in
rack.
ii. Concentric reducers = Pump discharge, vertical pipeline etc.

----------------------
cont...
pipingguide.blogspot.com
papermillpiping.blogspot.com
 
  • #13
Concentric reducer is used in pump suction. (Yes / No). Explain.
Answer:
No. Air pockets may form if concentric reducer is used at pump suction, which results in
Cavitation, and cause damage to Pump. To avoid this problem, Eccentric Reducer with
Flat Side Up (FSU)is used in Pump Suction.

----------------------
cont...
pipingguide.blogspot.com
papermillpiping.blogspot.com
 
  • #14
What do you mean by Cavitation in Pump?
A pump is designed to handle liquid, not vapour. Vapour forms if the pressure in the
pump falls below the liquid’s vapour pressure . The vapour pressure occurs right at the
impeller inlet where a sharp pressure drop occurs. The impeller rapidly builds up the
pressure which collapses vapour bubbles causing cavitation and damage . This is
avoided by maintaining sufficient NPSH.
(Cavitation implies cavities or holes in the fluid we are pumping. These holes can also
be described as bubbles, so cavitation is really about the formation of bubbles and their
collapse. Bubbles form when ever liquid boils. It can be avoided by providing sufficient
NPSH.)
 
  • #15
What do you mean by NPSH? How do you calculate it?
NPSH: Net Positive Suction Head. NPSH is the pressure available at the pump suction
after vapour pressure is substarcted.
It is calculated as : Static head + surface pressure head - the vapor pressure of your
product - the friction losses in the piping, valves and fittings.
It thus reflects the amount of head loss that the pump can sustain internally before
vapour pressure is reached.

cont...
pipingguide.blogspot.com
papermillpiping.blogspot.com
 
  • #16
What is the ASTM code for the following?
i. CS pipe ii) CS fittings iii)CS flanges iv)AS pipe P5/P11 v)Cast CS Valves
Answer:
i. CS pipe = A106 Gr.B
ii. CS fittings = A234 Gr.WPB/WPBW
iii. CS flanges = A105
iv. AS pipe = A335 Gr P1/P11
v. Cast CS Valves = A216 Gr.WCB
 
  • #17
amnoorulaman said:
Dear Engineers,

I am selva. I am a mechanical engineer in the field of PIPING AND CONST/ARCI.
Here I want to shear whatever I gather the information about engineering field with you.

Piping/Mechanical Design Drawings
GENERAL
The primary drawings that a Piping/Mechanical Field Engineer will use in the course of completing
a field assignment are:
· Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID)
· Piping Isometric
· Plot Plans
· Piping Class Sheets
· Piping Support Details and Hanger Drawings
· Vendor Drawings and Manuals
· Instrument and Tubing Drawings
· Standard Instrument Details
· Steam Heat Tracing Drawings
These drawings along with project installation specifications provide quality guidelines for properly
completing the assigned system.

----------- cont.


i want to join piping course please guide me
 

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