What causes the different instruction offset between gdb/linux and debug/dos?

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In the discussion, a notable difference in instruction offsets between DOS and Linux is observed, with DOS consistently showing an offset of 3 and Linux an offset of 5. This discrepancy raises questions about the underlying compilation and linking processes used in each environment. The programs are compiled and linked using different tools: DOS utilizes MASM and ML with DEBUG, while Linux employs NASM and LD with GDB. The variations in instruction offsets may stem from differences in how these assemblers and linkers handle instruction encoding and memory alignment.
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I notice with gdb/linux each instruction is offset by 5 while debug/dos each instruction is offset by 3. What is linux doing that dos isn't?
 
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Is it consistently 3 or 5? Do you know how the programs were compiled? Are they on the same machine?
 
Yes, under dos it is always 3 and under linux it is always 5. I'm running the same two programs on different computers and assembling and linking them with different programs

dos/masm/ml/debug
linux/nasm/ld/gdb
 

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