What is a realistic image of quarks?

[Zeynel]

How do you know they aren't spherical balls ?

From the responses here:

So by the time you are down another six orders of magnitude to the contents of the constituents of the nucleus it's really an appeal to your imagination

We don't need to know what things visually look like. We know the content of a nucleus, and the content of nucleons. We don't need to know what they visually look like, because this isn't always necessary.

3: Scientists at CERN do know that quarks are not spherical balls...

And also from the fact that in the "Standard Model particles are replaced by quantum fields." Since quarks live in the Standard Model they must be fields not spherical particles.

I also found this question in Physics Stack Exchange: https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/161146/what-do-quarks-look-like Interestingly the answer includes this sentence:

"Please note that for clarity the standard model particles are shown as little balls, even though they are points at that level of magnification.

What I see as misrepresentation, they consider it clarity. So I think this is simply a matter of opinion.

 

[BvU]

And also from the fact that in the "Standard Model particles are replaced by quantum fields." Since quarks live in the Standard Model they must be fields not spherical particles.

Your logic is defective and your premise is wrong. I am sure there will be theoreticians objecting that what you call a fact is in fact not a fact at all, and that particles are disturbances of the field, not the field itself.

Whatever, visually representing either pretty quickly leads to drawing little balls -- as a kind of minimizing potential criticism (but in your case unsuccesfully).

 

[A.T.]

But the representation of quarks in the video are not schematic representations. They are realistic representations.

What does "realistic representation" mean for quarks? Nobody has ever seen one for real, so any representation is implicitly schematic.

 

[BvU]

What I see as misrepresentation

How would you represent a point ?

 

[Zeynel]

This still doesn't change the fact that you are hung up more on the names we give to these things than to understand the physics associated with those names.

But I understand the physics associated with these names. This narrative in Wikipedia gives me enough information about quarks:

Evidence for the existence of quarks comes from deep inelastic scattering: firing electrons at nuclei to determine the distribution of charge within nucleons ... If the charge is uniform, the electric field around the proton should be uniform and the electron should scatter elastically. Low-energy electrons do scatter in this way, but, above a particular energy, the protons deflect some electrons through large angles. The recoiling electron has much less energy and a jet of particles is emitted. This inelastic scattering suggests that the charge in the proton is not uniform but split among smaller charged particles: quarks.

And from this page I learn that "quarks are never directly observed or found in isolation."

And from @BvU I learn that quarks

...are disturbances of the field...

From the above physics, I conclude that quarks are not spherical balls. Then I ask, If quarks are not spherical balls, why is it that they are commonly drawn as spherical balls? Is that a bad question?

 

[ZapperZ]

From the above physics, I conclude that quarks are not spherical balls. Then I ask, If quarks are not spherical balls, why is it that they are commonly drawn as spherical balls? Is that a bad question?

Because a cow from a very far distance looks like a sphere.

Zz.

 

[A.T.]

If quarks are not spherical balls, why is it that they are commonly drawn as spherical balls?

How would you draw them instead?

 

[BvU]

I was first !

How would you represent a point ?

Didn't get a reply, though . . .

 

[DaveC426913]

From the above physics, I conclude that quarks are not spherical balls. Then I ask, If quarks are not spherical balls, why is it that they are commonly drawn as spherical balls? Is that a bad question?

The spherical shape represents the strength of its properties. Because the properties are symmetrical about a point; they are the same in all directions.

Look at these two representations of the same molecule:

The top one renders a sphere at the distance of some large value of charge (so the spheres actually intersect).
The top one renders a sphere at the distance of some small value of charge (so the spheres do not intersect).

 

[DaveC426913]

This is what we actually observe when we look a subatomic particle.

We detect the value of a property of interest at a given distance.
It happens that that value is often the same at the same distance from the centre no matter what direction.

How might you represent the above particle?

 

[Zeynel]

This is what we actually observe when we look a subatomic particle. [...] How might you represent the above particle?

I don’t understand this graphic. When you say “how might you represent the above particle” do you refer to the point particle at the center of the field or do you call the spherical field of charge a “particle”?

Also “quarks are never directly observed or found in isolation”. So, the “point particle” at the center cannot be a quark. Is this correct?

Where can I find more info about this graphic?

 

[BvU]

By reading the accompanying text. And a textbook on physics.

 

[DaveC426913]

I don’t understand this graphic. When you say “how might you represent the above particle” do you refer to the point particle at the center of the field or do you call the spherical field of charge a “particle”?

It would be impossible to try to represent zero-dimensional particles in a video Since you would not be able to see them, you would have to artificially inflate their size.

So the next best thing to do is to represent what is essentially an "operating radius".

Also “quarks are never directly observed or found in isolation”. So, the “point particle” at the center cannot be a quark. Is this correct?

Well, it was not meant to be a picture of a quark "in the wild".

But you're right - it isn't really mean to be a quark at all; I'm generalizing how to represent the properties of a subatomic particle.

Where can I find more info about this graphic?

Well, you could ask the artist...

 

[Zeynel]

It may be worth noting that is was a very basic visual representation, and there are other things which were not shown in the picture, for instance that quarks exchange gluons with each other, and quarks have fractional charges.

I found this video that shows the gluons too (also as spheres).

There were some comments here that the CERN video was "visual candy" and should not be taking seriously, but the video I linked was more technical and very informative and I think it reflects the current understanding. So it's a puzzle why physicists know that quarks are not spheres (in the same video he describes quarks as ripples in the quark field) but insist on representing quarks as spherical particles. Any insights?

 

[DennisN]

So it's a puzzle why physicists know that quarks are not spheres (in the same video he describes quarks as ripples in the quark field) but insist on representing quarks as spherical particles. Any insights?

Yes. We are venturing into quantum field theory, which is far beyond this subforum we are in which is general physics.

Quantum field theory is the most modern and advanced theory of these things, and I'm not very familiar with it.
To the best of my knowledge, according to quantum field theory, all elementary particles have an associated field throughout space. And it is these fields that are fundamental, not the particles; particles can be thought of (note I say thought of, not seen as ) as excitations (or "ripples", or "vibrations") in the fields.
Here is a crash course, or rather, a basic introduction to it by professor David Kaplan (the video is actually about the Higgs boson, but he briefly describes the quantum fields too).

 

[BvU]

Lovely video (in #49). A level deeper than the original one in this thread.

insist on representing quarks as spherical particles

Not all the time : if there is a gluon nearby it morphs into a nike-like swoosh

that makes me feel giddy for a split sec . And a gluon that looks like a pessarium will probably also not be 'realistic'

I think they did a good job visually supporting the spoken text with representing the unvisualizable. Moving balls are so much more bearable that rippling blobs of colour (nice colours, though).

 

[DennisN]

Lovely video (in #49). A level deeper than the original one in this thread.
Not all the time : if there is a gluon nearby it morphs into a nike-like swoosh
View attachment 239444

...and below it morphs into a Star Trek Starfleet command emblem.

 

[Zeynel]

It may be worth noting that is was a very basic visual representation, and there are other things which were not shown in the picture, for instance that quarks exchange gluons with each other, and quarks have fractional charges.

I found a picture showing gluons as springs. Do gluons obey Hook's law?

 

[ZapperZ]

I found a picture showing gluons as springs. Do gluons obey Hook's law?
View attachment 239938

Oh dear. This is never going to end, is it?

Zz.

 

[Nugatory]

Oh dear. This is never going to end, is it?

Zz.

Yes, it will end.
In fact, it just did - this thread is closed.