I What Is Bell's Theorem and Why Does It Matter?

golya
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TL;DR Summary
How can you explain it to someone with limited knowledge?
Hi everyone,

I need some help getting the gist of Bell’s theorem and his notion of inequalities.
How would you explain it to someone with limited knowledge of mathematics?
What are the potential implications?
 
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Can you post links to your reading so far? What explicit questions do you have about that reading?
 
There's a minimum of mathematics you need to understand this, but it's not too difficult mathematics. You just need some linear algebra in the 2D complex unitary space of spin-1/2 (or helicity ##\pm 1## for photons) and a bit of operators representing spin components (polarization states of photons). A very clear no-nonsense treatment can be found in

S. Weinberg, Lectures on quantum mechanics.
 
golya said:
TL;DR Summary: How can you explain it to someone with limited knowledge?

Hi everyone,

I need some help getting the gist of Bell’s theorem and his notion of inequalities.
How would you explain it to someone with limited knowledge of mathematics?
What are the potential implications?
On the homepage of the forum member @DrChinese you certainly will find the essentials: https://www.drchinese.com/Bells_Theorem.htm
 
I am not sure if this falls under classical physics or quantum physics or somewhere else (so feel free to put it in the right section), but is there any micro state of the universe one can think of which if evolved under the current laws of nature, inevitably results in outcomes such as a table levitating? That example is just a random one I decided to choose but I'm really asking about any event that would seem like a "miracle" to the ordinary person (i.e. any event that doesn't seem to...
Not an expert in QM. AFAIK, Schrödinger's equation is quite different from the classical wave equation. The former is an equation for the dynamics of the state of a (quantum?) system, the latter is an equation for the dynamics of a (classical) degree of freedom. As a matter of fact, Schrödinger's equation is first order in time derivatives, while the classical wave equation is second order. But, AFAIK, Schrödinger's equation is a wave equation; only its interpretation makes it non-classical...
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