What is Kundt's Tube Apparatus and How Does It Work?

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Kundt's Tube Apparatus demonstrates the principles of sound wave behavior in different media. The disk in the apparatus is positioned at an antinode for the vibrating rod and near a node for the air column, indicating the relationship between the motion of the rod and the pressure variations in the air. When the rod is clamped at the middle, it represents half a wavelength, with the ends exhibiting maximum motion as pressure antinodes. The apparatus allows for direct measurement of sound wavelengths in both the rod and the air, enabling calculations of sound speed in the rod based on known air sound speed. Sound waves maintain frequency when transitioning between media, but wavelength and velocity can change depending on the medium's properties.
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I don't quite understand that apparatus very much. A book said that the disk is at an antinode of motion for the vibrating rod but near a node for the vibrating air column. What does it mean? What can I form if I clamped the rod at the middle?
 
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When clamped in the middle the rod is 1/2 of a wavelength of the sound in the rod. The center (at the clamp) is held stationary, the ends undergo maximum motion, thus are motion anti nodes. This motion of the rod is transferred as variation of pressure to the air in the tube. Thus the end of the rod is a pressure anti node which is the same as a motion node.

You directly measure the wavelength of the sound in the rod and the tube. With knowledge of the speed of sound in the air you can compute the speed of sound in the rod.
 
Sir "Integral", or to whoever it may concern, in that Kundt's apparatus, what are the two media where the sound travels? When the sound waves travel from a medium to another medium, which will not change, frequency, wavelength or the velocity?
 

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