What is the Change of Length for a Hanging Steel Cable?

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SUMMARY

The change of length for a hanging steel cable can be calculated using the formula ΔL = (ρL₀²g)/(2E), where ρ is the density of steel (7.8 × 10³ kg/m³), L₀ is the original length of the cable (9 km), g is the acceleration due to gravity, and E is the Young's modulus for steel (2 × 10¹¹ N/m²). This formula accounts for the continuous mass distribution of the cable and integrates the force exerted by the weight of the cable itself. The derivation confirms that the change in length is consistent with the principles of elasticity and material properties.

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Homework Statement



A rope (steel cable) is hanging in an empty hole. What is the change of length?
L = 9km
[tex]E_{steel}[/tex] = 2 · 1011 N/m2
[tex]p_{steel}[/tex] = 7.8 · 103 kg/m3

Homework Equations


The Attempt at a Solution



Well, I thought that the cable could also be considered as a spring. I found in another thread that the change of length of a hanging spring is
[tex] k \,dx = \bigg( \frac{l}{L_0} \bigg) g \, dm[/tex]

[tex] dx = \frac{gl}{L_0 k} \frac{M}{L_0} \, dl[/tex]

[tex] dx = \frac{Mgl}{{L_0}^2 k} \, dl[/tex]

[tex] x = \frac{Mg}{{L_0}^2 k} \int_0^{L_0} l \, dl[/tex]

[tex] x = \frac{Mg}{{L_0}^2 k} \frac{{L_0}^2}{2}[/tex]

[tex] x = \frac{Mg}{2k}[/tex]

I understood this part so far.

but I'm not sure whether my reconstruction is correct.

[tex]x = \frac{g\rho_{steel}L^{2}}{2E_{steel}}[/tex]
 
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To solve this problem, use the formula for Young's modulus, which can be rearranged to read:
[tex]\Delta L = \frac {F L_0}{A_0 E}[/tex]
where A0 is the cross-sectional area.To solve this for a cable with a continuous mass distribution, the formula becomes:
[tex]\Delta L = \int_0^{L_0} \frac{FdL}{A_0E}[/tex]The force is equal to the density times the volume, or:
[tex]F = \rho A_0 L_0 g[/tex]When integrating this upward from the bottom of the cable, the force term becomes:
[tex]F = \rho A_0 L g[/tex]
where L is the amount of cable below the point in question.Substituting this into the formula for a cable of continuous mass distribution:
[tex]\Delta L = \int_0^{L_0} \frac{\rho L g}{E}dL[/tex]
the A0 terms, of course, cancel each other out.And finally, integrating gives us:
[tex]\Delta L = \frac{\rho {L_0}^2 g}{2E}[/tex]

The same as your reconstruction.

I hope this helps,
Beaker87
 

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