What is the Evolutionary History of Tool Use in Different Animal Species?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion explores the evolutionary history of tool use across different animal species, examining behavioral intricacies, the definition of tools, and the implications of learning in tool use. It encompasses theoretical considerations, examples from various taxa, and the evolutionary mechanisms behind these behaviors.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that as research progresses, more instances of animal tool use are being documented, suggesting it may be more common than previously thought.
  • There is a discussion on whether tool use has evolved independently in different lineages, such as between new world monkeys and old world monkeys, or across birds and mammals.
  • One participant raises the question of what constitutes a "tool," debating whether certain anatomical features, like an ant-eater's tongue or a fawn's legs, can be classified as tools.
  • Concerns are expressed about the role of learning in tool use, questioning whether tool use is an innate behavior or requires learning, with examples of quick learning in some species being highlighted.
  • Participants mention the potential for traits to arise independently across various taxa or be inherited from common ancestors, with an emphasis on tracking evolutionary outlines through phylogenetic analysis.
  • Examples of tool use in specific species, such as sea otters using stones to crack shells, are provided to illustrate the diversity of tool use behaviors.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views on the definition of tools and the mechanisms behind tool use, indicating that multiple competing perspectives remain without a consensus on these issues.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations in understanding the evolutionary pathways of tool use, particularly regarding the definitions of tools and the role of learning versus innate behavior in different species.

BillTre
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As science more deeply investigates the detailed intricacies of each species behavior, more cases of animal tool use are revealed. This can often involve elaborate set-ups (see video of spider flight studies). Bigger animals would require bigger set-ups.
This case is the Capuchin (new world) monkeys on an island of Panama. New world monkeys have been split from old world monkeys since tectonics separated Africa and South America, and have evolved separately for 40 MY. New world monkeys are the ones with tails.

Many find animal tool use surprising when is demonstrated. However, it could be thought of as putting light on dark areas, to reveal what could be very common.
The lack of good understanding (unable to determine if learning is present or not) in lots of different species behavior, makes it difficult to figure out whether tool use might have evolved, many times, independently (say between new world monkeys and old world monkeys, or birds and mammals).
It would not be surprising to find that learning based behaviors could be under positive selection. If a computer can learn, then the much more complex structure and physiology of the insect nervous system should be able to figure it out. Insects for example, do lots of learning.
Tool use (to me) is just an applied extension of that skill.

Any trait could arise independently over a wide variety of taxa (animal groups, in general, from species to super phyla), or be inherited from a common ancestor. By looking at a lot of different species across the phylogenetic tree, you can track an outline of how a trait evolved.
 
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BillTre said:
positive selection.

BillTre said:
wide variety of taxa
Agreed.
BillTre said:
can track an outline of how a trait evolved.
..., or, is lost, thinking of human behaviors.
 
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Don't forget sea-otters use a stone anvil to crack shells...
 
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What is a "tool?"
Is an ant-eater's long tongue a tool, even if a genetically created part of the creature?
Long finger and toe nails for digging and scratching, tails for hanging from branches, wings for flying, ...
Does an organism have to learn how to use its given tools, or is that being considered as being always innate.
Granted some creatures learn quickly, such as a fawn using its legs as a tool for walking soon after birth.
What makes the use of a extensible object as a tooll that much different? if with the "awe" factor.
As you said,
BillTre said:
complex structure and physiology of the insect nervous system should be able to figure it out
Is it the maturity of the nervous system that can hinder tool use, while an adaptable brain or ganglia can, while not promote, but at least ease the proper use of a tool.
 

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