What is the meaning of classical and quantum equations?

In summary, the classical equation describes the relation between operators, while the quantum equation describes the relation of expectation values of physical quantities. The corresponding principle only implies a one-to-one correspondence between operators and physical quantities, not between classical equations of classical values of physical quantities and equations of corresponding operators. The classical Lagrange equation is the starting point for all quantum procedures, as there is a correspondence between the macro physics Lagrange equation and the operator Lagrange equation in quantum physics. There is no well-defined procedure for changing from classical mechanics to quantum mechanics, but there are heuristics for quantizing a system. The classical Lagrangian in the functional integral approach is classical since one integrates over classical fields, while in the covariant approach, it is
  • #1
ndung200790
519
0
Please teach me this:
It is seem to me that the classical equation is an equation describing the relation between operators.But quantum equation describes the relation of expectation values of physical quantities.Then corresponding principle only implies the one-one coresponding between operators and physical quantities,not corresponding between classical equation of classical values of physical quantities and equation of corresponding operators.
Thank you very much in advanced.
 
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  • #2
I think it maybe in the passage from classical physics to quantum physics,with accidental happening,there are a similar in special classical equations of macro physics quantities and quantum equation of physical operators(e.g the similar of Poisson bracket and commutators).Then the classical Lagrange equation is the starting point for all quantum procedure,because there is a corresponding between macro physics Lagrange equation and Lagrange equation of operators in quantum physics.
Thank you very much for your kind heart to help me.
 
  • #3
In the limit to classical mechanics of quantum mechanics,the phase of wave function is proportional to the action.But I do not know whether this action is the same the action of the system when we consider the movement of wave packet(small packet) in the classical trajectory.
 
  • #4
Instead of comparung the Lagrangian one could compare the Hamiltonian formulations of classical and quantum mechanics: the classical q, p and H (Hamiltonian) is replaced with operators - and usually the classical equations of motions (for q and p derived from H) remain valid exactly as operator equations for the Heisenberg operators.
 
  • #5
tom.stoer said:
Instead of comparung the Lagrangian one could compare the Hamiltonian formulations of classical and quantum mechanics: the classical q, p and H (Hamiltonian) is replaced with operators - and usually the classical equations of motions (for q and p derived from H) remain valid exactly as operator equations for the Heisenberg operators.
Apart from the problems of ordering the operators...

There is usually a well-defined classical limit of a quantum system (or several such limits), but there is no well-defined procedure to go from a classical system to a quantum system.

Tho answer the original question: It is most natural to compare quantum mechanics with classical mechanics with uncertain initial conditions, since then both are stochastic systems. in this case an equation is interpreted as an equation between random variabl;es in the classical case, and between operators in the quantum case. In both cases, one takes expectations (or more complex statistical features) to get information about measurable things.
 
  • #6
Because there is no well-defined procedure to change from classical mechanics to quantum mechanics.I wonder whether it is ''reality'' in quantized procedure of starting from classical Lagrangian in Quantum Field Theory.
 
  • #7
ndung200790 said:
Because there is no well-defined procedure to change from classical mechanics to quantum mechanics.I wonder whether it is ''reality'' in quantized procedure of starting from classical Lagrangian in Quantum Field Theory.

Although not a werll-defined procedure, there is a lot of heuristics for quantizing a system. But the result depends in the canonical approach on the ordering of the operators (e.g., qp^2q and pq^2p are essentially differnt operators but the same classically), and in the functional integral approach on details of how the path integral is defined.
 
  • #8
How ''reality'' in this procedure: considering Klein-Gordon and Dirac equation,then finding out the corresponding classical Lagrangians.At last,using canonical or functional integral formalism.I am suspecting at the finding the classical Lagrangian from the quantum equations.Is it true that the classical Lagrangian is a Lagrangian of operators?
 
  • #9
If the Lagrangian is of operators,why call them are ''classical'' Lagrangian?
 
  • #10
ndung200790 said:
If the Lagrangian is of operators,why call them are ''classical'' Lagrangian?

In the functional integral approach for Boson fields, the Lagrangian is classical since one integrates over classical fields. However, the results computed by a functional intgral approach give properties of a corresponding quantum theory.

In the covariant approach, the Lagrangian is _not_ classical, though it often has the same form.
 

1. What is the difference between classical and quantum equations?

Classical equations are mathematical expressions that describe the behavior of macroscopic objects, while quantum equations describe the behavior of subatomic particles. Classical equations follow deterministic principles, whereas quantum equations incorporate probabilistic elements.

2. How do classical and quantum equations relate to each other?

Quantum equations are more fundamental than classical equations, as they can accurately describe the behavior of both macroscopic and microscopic systems. Classical equations can be derived from quantum equations under certain conditions, such as when the size and energy of the system are large enough to neglect quantum effects.

3. What is the significance of quantum equations in modern physics?

Quantum equations revolutionized our understanding of the physical world, as they introduced the concept of wave-particle duality and challenged classical notions of determinism. They are crucial for explaining phenomena such as atomic and molecular behavior, and are the foundation of modern technologies such as transistors and lasers.

4. Can classical and quantum equations be used interchangeably?

No, classical and quantum equations are based on fundamentally different principles and cannot be used interchangeably. While classical equations work well for describing macroscopic systems, they fail to accurately predict the behavior of subatomic particles. Quantum equations, on the other hand, can accurately describe both macroscopic and microscopic systems.

5. Are there any limitations to classical and quantum equations?

Classical equations have limitations when describing systems at the atomic and subatomic level, as they do not account for quantum effects. Quantum equations also have limitations, as they cannot fully explain certain phenomena such as gravity. Current research is focused on developing a unified theory that can incorporate both classical and quantum principles.

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