The modulus of an eigenvalue refers to its absolute value, which is particularly relevant in quantum mechanics where eigenvalues are often real due to their representation by Hermitian operators. In the case of complex eigenvalues, the modulus is calculated using the formula √(a² + b²), representing the length of the complex number as a vector in the plane. The discussion highlights the connection between complex amplitudes in quantum mechanics and their geometric interpretation, though some participants find the question trivial within the context of quantum mechanics. The conversation also touches on the historical attribution of the concept of complex numbers to Argand rather than Feynman. Overall, understanding the modulus of eigenvalues is crucial for interpreting their significance in quantum mechanics.