What is the Origin of Eukarya and Its Relationship to Bacteria and Archaea?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the evolutionary origins of eukaryotes and their relationship to bacteria and archaea. Participants explore the concept of a last universal common ancestor (LUCA) and the divergence timelines of these domains of life, including theories of endosymbiosis and the implications of different models of classification.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question whether eukarya diverged from a single LUCA with bacteria and archaea or if they have distinct common ancestors.
  • One participant suggests that eukaryotes arose from a fusion between an archaeon and a bacterium, leading to the development of mitochondria through endosymbiosis.
  • There is mention of a shift in understanding regarding the host organism involved in the fusion, with most evidence indicating that eukaryotes originated from within archaea.
  • Some participants express confusion over the three domain model versus the two domain model, noting that textbooks may still present outdated views.
  • Concerns are raised about the dating of eukarya's origin, with references to potential misinterpretations of evidence suggesting an origin 2.8 billion years ago.
  • Participants discuss the identification of new archaea species, specifically Lokiarchaeota, and their potential relationship to eukaryotic evolution.
  • There is acknowledgment of the challenges in culturing microbes, which may delay the identification of these cells.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the evolutionary relationships and origins of eukarya, bacteria, and archaea. There is no consensus on the validity of the three domain model versus the two domain model, and the timeline for the origin of eukarya remains contested.

Contextual Notes

Limitations in the discussion include the reliance on interpretations of evidence, the potential for contamination in dating studies, and the unresolved status of certain microbial species related to eukaryotic evolution.

SW VandeCarr
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I'm wondering if the issue of bacteria and archaea having a single last universal common ancestor (LUCA) with eukarya diverging later, or all three having distinct common ancestors, has been clarified. I've seen a number of texts indicating the eukarya diverged much later, but also some indicating much earlier origin of eukarya.

http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v8/n10/fig_tab/nrmicro2426_F1.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3855935/
 
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The current picture for the evolution of eukaroytes is that they arose from a fusion between an archaeon and a bacterium (which would give rise to mitochondria) through a process called endosymbiosis. Previously there had been some debate whether the host before fusion occurred was a geniune archaeon or a species outside of archaea, but most evidence points to eukaryotes having arisen from within archaea. Therefore, the two domain model is probably most correct though many textbooks still teach the three domain model (which treats us as eukaryotes as our own special domain rather than some subset of domain archaea).

For more discussion see these previous PF threads on the topic as well as the papers they reference:
Are there really three domains of life? discusses a nice review article on the topic
Lokiarchaeota and the Evolution of Complex Cellular Life discusses a paper identifying a new species of archaea that is likely very similar to the one that gave rise to eukarya.
A Ring of Life and https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/when-did-https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/when-did-mitochondria-evolve/-evolve/ discuss the evolution of eukaryotes and endosymbiosis.
 
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Thanks. That was my belief, but I had come across articles supporting the 3 domain model. Some state that eukarya originated 2.8 billion years ago, but that seems to be based on a misinterpretation (or contamination) of evidence.
 
Well, that is very interesting @Ygggdrasil.
I was no longer upto date on this stuff.

By the way, I found a free access version of this article:
Ygggdrasil said:
Lokiarchaeota and the Evolution of Complex Cellular Life discusses a paper identifying a new species of archaea that is likely very similar to the one that gave rise to eukarya.
Here.

It seems no one has identified these cells yet though.
Too bad!
 
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BillTre said:
It seems no one has identified these cells yet though.
Hopefully someone is working on this. Of course, culturing microbes in the laboratory can be quite tricky, so it may take a while before someone is successful.
 

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