What is the Relationship Between Potential and Kinetic Energy in Physics?

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The relationship between potential and kinetic energy is established through the equations Potential energy = mgh and Kinetic energy = 1/2mv^2, leading to the velocity equation v = sqrt(2gh). When substituting v with dx/dt, the integration yields x = t*sqrt(2gh). However, this approach fails when compared to the standard kinematic equation x = x0 + v0t + 1/2at^2, primarily because h is not constant and varies with time. The discussion clarifies that the derived equation applies only under specific conditions where the ball starts moving at a constant velocity after falling from height h. Understanding these nuances is crucial for accurately applying the principles of energy and motion in physics.
PhysicsPrac
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Hi,

here is my question:

Potential energy = mgh
Kinetic energy = 1/2mv^2
mgh = 1/2mv^2, solving for v you get v = sqrt(2gh)

Now I know v is the same as dx/dt so if I substite in dx/dt for v :

dx/dt = sqrt(2gh)

Multiply by dt:
dx = sqrt(2gh) * dt
Integrate:
x = t*sqrt(2gh)

This should be right, but for some reason it doesn't work when I check it with the well known x = x0 + v0t + 1/2at^2 formula, what am I doing wrong?
 
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h is dependent on t, ie it's not a constant. What you calculated is if a ball fell a height h under gravity, and then started moving at constant velocity (at which point you say t=0) then the ball would move x = t*sqrt(2gh) in time t.
 
Oh I see, thanks for your help!
 
I do not have a good working knowledge of physics yet. I tried to piece this together but after researching this, I couldn’t figure out the correct laws of physics to combine to develop a formula to answer this question. Ex. 1 - A moving object impacts a static object at a constant velocity. Ex. 2 - A moving object impacts a static object at the same velocity but is accelerating at the moment of impact. Assuming the mass of the objects is the same and the velocity at the moment of impact...

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