What is the shape of an electron in an atom?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the shape of an electron in an atom, particularly in the context of quantum mechanics and atomic structure. Participants explore the nature of electrons, their representation in atomic models, and the implications of their behavior in relation to the nucleus.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that electrons occupy a volume of space and are "smeared" around the nucleus, raising the question of their shape.
  • Others argue that it is incorrect to assign a shape to electrons, suggesting they are better understood as point particles in the framework of relativistic quantum mechanics.
  • One participant clarifies that while electrons do not have a shape, the shape of their motion or density is represented by orbitals.
  • It is noted that electrons repel each other due to their negative charge and cannot occupy the same point in space, which influences the shape of their orbitals.
  • A later reply introduces an analogy of electrons as a "hollow sphere" or an "atmosphere" around the nucleus, referencing a wiki article for context.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the shape of an electron, with multiple competing views presented regarding the nature and representation of electrons in atomic theory.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on interpretations of quantum mechanics, the abstract nature of electron representation, and the unresolved question of how to visualize electrons in a classical sense.

Silverback88
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I am referring to the short post in the sticky, referred to as "WHY DON’T ELECTRONS CRASH INTO THE NUCLEUS IN ATOMS?"

the “electron” occupies a volume of space simultaneously, so that it is “smeared” in a particular geometry around the nucleus.

Simple question: what shape is the electron then? Is it a ring, or a hollow sphere, ect? What shape will ensure that they don't collide?
 
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It is incorrect to imagine the electron having a shape, and it is incorrect to imagine electrons orbiting the nucleus. Scroll down to the "orbitals table" to see what an atom with a single electron looks like, for various values of energy and angular momentum:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_orbital

In relativistic quantum mechanics we find it necessary to make the electron a point particle, since otherwise it would tear itself apart with internal forces. But this is not something that anyone can or will ever measure, it is just part of the mathematical framework.
 
Silverback88 said:
Simple question: what shape is the electron then?

This was already addressed, but electrons don't have a shape, rather they're referring to the shape of their pattern of motion, or rather, density. The shape of the space that they occupy is what's called an orbital.

What shape will ensure that they don't collide?

It's the other way around, really. First, electrons repel each other since they have the same electric charge (negative). Second, there's a 'rule' in quantum physics (the Pauli priniciple), that dictates that they can't occupy the same point in space (unless they have opposite 'spin).

So, the shape of the orbitals are largely dictated by these effects.
 
Thanks.

I found this excerpt in the WIki article, that tells of a shape like a hollow sphere:

A more accurate analogy might be that of a large and often oddly-shaped atmosphere (the electron), distributed around a relatively tiny planet (the atomic nucleus).

I appreciate the answers. Good day.
 

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