What is the True Nature of Space and Time?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the nature of space and time, exploring their definitions, properties, and implications within various physical theories. Participants consider concepts from cosmology, relativity, and quantum field theory, raising questions about the fundamental characteristics of space and time and their roles in the universe.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the fundamental nature of space and time, suggesting that a comprehensive understanding is crucial for grasping the physics of the universe.
  • Another participant proposes that the properties of space have not been fully explored in physics research, indicating that space may have variable characteristics depending on the context of cosmological theories.
  • Some participants note that definitions of space and time are still evolving, with discussions on how events are labeled and the implications of different coordinate systems.
  • A participant references another thread discussing the objective existence of space, suggesting that if space does not exist independently, the question of its nature may be moot.
  • There is mention of vacuum energy and the phenomenon of particles appearing from "nothing," indicating that space may not be a simple vacuum.
  • One participant discusses the concept of space as a "field" and questions its meaning, while another suggests that space may be better described as a "manifold." This leads to a discussion on the challenges of defining fields without an underlying manifold.
  • Participants explore the historical context of Einstein's approach in General Relativity, discussing the relationship between geometry, manifolds, and fields.
  • There is a mention of ongoing efforts in theoretical physics to define quantum field theories without relying on a predefined manifold, highlighting current research directions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views on the nature of space and time, with no consensus reached. Some agree on the complexity and evolving definitions, while others challenge the existence of space as an independent entity.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations in current definitions and assumptions regarding space and time, particularly in relation to gravitational effects and the implications of different physical theories. There are unresolved questions about the constancy of space and time properties since the Big Bang.

  • #31
You are cordially welcome. And thanks to you for the discussion. It's very analogous I think to peoples' preferences for hbar versus h. In advance physics books you typically see hbar. So I can think, if I see a person calculating with h that he is "really" using
2 pi hbar. You can define h = 2 pi hbar.

It is useless to argue. they are really the same constant just surrounded by different words and a different human narrative.

In the case of kc if I see you use epsilonought in a calculation, I just say that you are "really" using 1/(4 pi kc)

Because in my world that is how epsilonought is defined. It simply equals 1 over 4pi times the basic EM constant. It is essentially the same constant but you decorate it with different words and tell a different story about it.

For me, the story with kc is about the relation of charge force and distance ANALOGOUS TO THE STORY WITH NEWTON G. Newton G simply tells me the force between two unit masses placed a distance apart. Coulomb k simply tells me the force between two unit CHARGES placed a distance apart.

I can tell the story of either G or kc without blathering about "space" being a "material" with certain "properties". All there is is charge and geometry (measuring distancees). Or in the case of G there is mass and geometry.

You probably know that in physics books past a certain point they don't necessarily use SI units. SI units are constructed in a peculiar way that grew out of some historical compromises. As an engineer you have to talk to other engineers and you do not have much freedom of units so you are stuck with SI and there is a certain way of thinking that goes with that. It would be a bad idea to try to get out of that way of thinking.

SI is periodically revised by committees in Paris and votes at international conferences backed by the legal force of international treaties. In present SI , CURRENT is based on force between parallel wires a certain distance apart and then charge is defined based on current. Or that was how when last I looked.

To me, the force between parallel wires is a relativistic effect that can be explained given the force between static charges. You transform taking into account relative motion and the magnetic effect falls out. So the basic fact is not parallel wires, the basic fact is like charges repel. Magnetism is a side-effect of the charge law that you get when charges move.

So SI is based on a funny way of thinking, at the very outset. But that's fine. It is all logical on its own terms. And I think eventually it will be reformed and the electron charge will be the basis of definition for electric units. We just need to wait patiently for the slow wheels of international committeehood to turn.

What I'm doing is sketching my attitude for you. You have your own way of thinking and there is no reason we should agree at the level of what we think is fundamental.
I don't believe there is an absolute "space" or that it is a material. Different observers slice spacetime differently. For me the basic venue of reality is not space but geometry---the measurements we make of distances and time durations. The speed of light is a feature of geometry, a fundamental geometric constant that relates the measurements of space and time (and also other stuff).
So for me the speed of light is not a property of some substance called "space". It is not something one measures but something one measures with.

I was pleased back in the 1980s when SI was changed to make it impossible to measure the speed of light. You may recall they redefined the meter so that the speed of light in vacuum had to besuch and such per second, by definition, and could not be measured. That seemed like progress. I suppose the same thing could happen to the elementary charge. We'll see.
 
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  • #32
Thanks for reply Marcus I will read your message further when I get home. I am actually on vacation in Daytona area and was hoping to see the shuttle launch, but they delayed it again so unfortunately we will miss it. :(

I just wanted to further clarify my previous message when I mentioned something more fundamental as the source for the perm of free space:

If we consider how FR4 substrate, which has an Er of ~4.3 times the value of E naught interacts with EM waves, then can we consider free space itself as also being made of something, which has some kind of similar property, which also interacts with electromagnetic waves in a similar way? Perhaps this "something" might be the ether or a particle of some kind, I don't know what, but it would be a source for the various properties and interactions of free space, such us E naught, Mu naught, G etc. Is any research being carried out in this area? Am I correct that at least one model for the ether is still considered to be a part of modern Physics?PS. Another thing which also keeps suggesting the presence of an ether to me is that every other type of wave I can think of, needs some kind of a medium in which to propagate.

Another intriguing characteristic of free space is Vacuum energy, which also suggests to me at least, that a perfect vacuum is still made of something.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_energyPerhaps this may be an interesting field of future research?
 
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  • #33
Hi Marcus, I still haven't had time go over this yet, just too tired after shared driving for 22 hours and arriving to a lot of work.

At the heart of it, I really want to understand whether what we call a perfect vacuum really contains absolutely nothing, and if so, how can truly absolutely nothing have a permitivity of 8.854 × 10−12 F·m−1. Something here just does not seem to be logical. For space to have any Physical characteristics at all, it must exist and consist of something? I shall return to this!
 
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  • #34
Relative time.
 
  • #35
Permeability and permissivity are derived properties of electromagnetic fields. It is probably safe to say that all of 'space' is embedded in electromagnetic fields. I prefer the classical definition of 'space' - the volume between particles of matter. It is interesting to note that even particles of matter are vastly more empty than 'solid'.
 
  • #36
Chronos said:
Permeability and permissivity are derived properties of electromagnetic fields. It is probably safe to say that all of 'space' is embedded in electromagnetic fields. I prefer the classical definition of 'space' - the volume between particles of matter. It is interesting to note that even particles of matter are vastly more empty than 'solid'.

Volume works in so many ways when thinking of a static space relative to solid matter and counted second by second measuring for changes. Electromagnetic radiation, a dilating area, our yard stick in space, and electromagnetic fields, also a dilating area, our yard stick of matter are the two motions that makes our one "now". One volume with duration is how we measure time and see space.
 
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  • #37
I felt a little foolish asking these questions, but I seem to be asking similar questions as Einstein in 1920 and 1924 even after his theories of relativity:

Please see the section "Einstein's later views"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_space_and_time


Chronos Re: "Permeability and permissivity are derived properties of electromagnetic fields."
Are they not also Physical properties of free space? In a similar way to mass being a Physical property of ponderable matter? Or am I completely off tack?

Also wouldn't G be another Physical property of space?
 
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