What materials make the best shields?

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SUMMARY

The best materials for shielding against various types of radiation include hydrogen or concrete for neutrons, while gamma rays and high-energy electrons are effectively shielded by materials with short radiation lengths such as lead, tungsten, and iron. For electrons, a combination of low atomic number (Z) materials to block electrons and high Z materials to absorb Bremsstrahlung is recommended. Heavy charged particles require high-density materials, particularly within the energy range defined by the Bethe formula. Hydrogen can be stored safely as water or similar compounds, providing a reasonable density of hydrogen atoms.

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  • Understanding of neutron shielding techniques
  • Knowledge of gamma ray and electron radiation properties
  • Familiarity with the Bethe formula for heavy charged particles
  • Basic concepts of material density and atomic number (Z) relevance
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  • Research effective neutron shielding materials and their properties
  • Learn about the use of lead and tungsten in gamma ray shielding
  • Explore the principles of Bremsstrahlung and its implications for electron shielding
  • Investigate high-density materials suitable for heavy charged particle shielding
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Radiation safety professionals, nuclear engineers, physicists, and anyone involved in designing effective radiation shielding solutions.

shakystew
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What shielding materials are best choices for reducing dose from:
Neutrons:
Gamma rays:
Electrons:
HCP
: (heavy charged particles)​

I know, good neutron shields can be hydrogen (can be explosive though) or concrete, beta/electrons is a combo of low Z-material to block e- then high Z-material to absorb Bremmsstrahlung.

Thank you in advance!
 
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Hydrogen can be stored as water or with similar molecules - reasonable density of hydrogen atoms, liquid or solid at room temperature, not explosive.

For gammas and high-energetic electrons: everything with a short radiation length. Lead is relatively cheap, tungsten is better but probably more expensive, iron is very cheap but you'll need more material.
Heavy charged particles at which energy? Within the range of the Bethe formula, everything with a high density.
 

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