What methods are used to measure cosmic distances?

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SUMMARY

Astronomers utilize the cosmic distance ladder to measure distances in the universe, including those up to 7 billion light-years. This method incorporates various techniques tailored to different distance scales, ensuring accurate measurements. The discussion highlights that while some observations may challenge specific new physics proposals, they remain consistent with established theoretical physics. The cosmic distance ladder remains a fundamental tool in astrophysics for understanding the vastness of space.

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With various method for different distance scales -> cosmic distance ladder

The title of the space.com article is very misleading. The observations are perfectly in agreement with theoretical physics. They might disagree with some specific proposal for new physics. So what? There are so many proposed modifications of physics, most of them have to be wrong.
 

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