Which animals have been infected by SARS-CoV-2?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the animals infected by SARS-CoV-2, highlighting that various species, including hippos, lions, and house cats, have tested positive for the virus. The term "spillover" is emphasized, referring to the transmission of the virus from one species to another, a concept rooted in zoonosis. Paul Ewald, a key figure in zoonotic studies, authored significant works on pathogens, including "Evolution and Infectious Disease" and "Plague Time." The conversation also notes that zoonotic diseases account for over 2 million human deaths annually, excluding COVID-19, which has caused over 5 million deaths as of December 2021.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of zoonosis and spillover concepts
  • Familiarity with virology terminology
  • Knowledge of significant zoonotic diseases and their impact
  • Awareness of the role of various animal species in disease transmission
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the mechanisms of zoonotic disease transmission
  • Explore Paul Ewald's contributions to the field of infectious disease
  • Investigate the role of marine mammals in potential spillover events
  • Study the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic and wild animals
USEFUL FOR

Virologists, epidemiologists, wildlife biologists, and public health officials will benefit from this discussion, particularly those focused on zoonotic diseases and their implications for human health.

jim mcnamara
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https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/05/americas/covid-19-hippos-belgium-intl/index.html
Hippos with snotty noses test positive for Covid.

Another example of when virologists use the term "spillover"- one species "donates" the virus to another species and the virus is able to take off in the new species.

Zoonosis is generally one way spillover - animal species -> human.
Paul Ewald is generally considered the first researcher of the study zoonosis.

He wrote two books on the origins and evolution of pathogens
'Evolution and infectious disease' (1994)
"Plague time: The new germ theory of disease'

Sample diseases:
Black plague - Yrsinia pestis
Smallpox- Variaola virus evolved from Vaccinia on cow udders
HPV Human pappilloma virus - vaginal cancer
Common Cold
Several Coronavirus diseases - Mers, Sars, Covid, 4 Common cold viruses
Rabies
Cat Scratch Fever

There are reports on these diseases:

https://www.understandinganimalrese...onotic-diseases-the-who-the-why-and-the-when/
13 of them are responsible for 2+ million human deaths every year. Excluding Covid - which as of
2021/12/05 (per Worldometer): 5,270,933 deaths.
 
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IIRC I have read about some cats with Covid in a zoo.

I find it far more surprising that there are so few. Mammals have basically all the same construction plan. I would expect more spillovers.
 
Here is a list of animals that have been infected by SARS-CoV-2. I think there must be more. Marine mammals such as whales and dolphins are also predicted to be susceptible.

fishing cats
lions
tigers
snow leapards
cougars
coati
house cats
heyenas
dogs
mink
ferrets
otters
racoon dogs
binturong
coatimundi
hamsters
tree shrews
mice
marmosets
rabbits
bank voles
fruit bats
white tailed deer
hippos
elephants
pigs
grivets
gorillas
rhesus macaques
cynomolgus macaques
baboons

https://phys.org/news/2021-06-elephants-india-coronavirus-rare-lion.html
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/animals.html
https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/sa_one_health/sars-cov-2-animals-us
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.596391/full
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-00531-z
 
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