Which Groups in the Periodic Table Form Compound Semiconductors?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the groups in the periodic table that form compound semiconductors, exploring the criteria for semiconductor formation, the nature of bonding, and specific examples of semiconductor materials. It includes theoretical considerations, material properties, and the implications of electron configurations.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether groups that can share 8 or 4 valence electrons are responsible for forming compound semiconductors and seeks clarification on the bonding types involved.
  • Another participant suggests that semiconductors require bonding that is intermediate between covalent and metallic, emphasizing the importance of electronegativity differences in determining material properties.
  • A participant introduces a "rule" that the average group number for semiconductor formation should be around 4, citing silicon and germanium as examples, and mentions III-V and II-VI compounds.
  • It is noted that the proposed "rule" does not universally apply, as it does not account for chalcopyrites, which can also be hole doped semiconductors.
  • Further clarification is provided that some chalcopyrites are categorized as pseudo-III-V or pseudo-II-VI materials, indicating their relevance in semiconductor discussions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the criteria for semiconductor formation, particularly regarding the role of electron configurations and bonding types. The discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing perspectives on the topic.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the lack of consensus on the applicability of the proposed "rule" for semiconductor groups and the dependence on specific material properties that may not be universally applicable.

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Which groups in the periodic system forms compounded semiconductors?

Is it those who can share 8 valenceelectron together? or is it those who can share 4 valence electrons together?
If this is the case why is it just those who can form compound semiconductors?
Can i use the electronconfiguration to show this, or how should i motivate this?
Also which type of bond is on those compounded semiconductors?
 
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This should probably be in the Atomic, Solid State, Comp. Physics forum.

In order to have a semiconductor, the bonding in the material needs to be somewhere between covalent and metallic, and you can't have a large difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved. If you have strong covalent bonding (or strongly localized electrons) then this gives you a good insulator, like with diamond. If there is a large electronegativity difference, as in NaF, then you will get an ionic material which is an insulator.

I don't think you can make an argument purely from an electron configuration standpoint; diamond and silicon both have the same configuration for their valence electrons, however diamond is a good insulator and silicon is a semiconductor.
 
There is a pretty simple "rule"; the average "group number" should be 4.
E.g. silcon and germanium are in group IV. Most of the other important compounds are III-V compounds (i.e. (3+5e)/2), e.g. GaAs,GaN, InP are all widely used.
There are also many II-VI semiconductors, although AFAIK only the zink- and cadmium compounds are actually used (e.g. ZnS).
However, this "rule" does not always work, it does not cover for example the chalcopyrites.
 
f95toli said:
However, this "rule" does not always work, it does not cover for example the chalcopyrites.
Note: You can make hole doped chalcopyrites, which are semiconductors.
 
Gokul43201 said:
Note: You can make hole doped chalcopyrites, which are semiconductors.


Yes they are, some chalcopyrites are also known as pseudo-III-V or pseudo-II-VI materials. (I did my doctorate in chalcopyrite optical and elactronic property calculations.)
 

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