Who should have been the 4th laureate in the Nobel Prize in Physics?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around individuals who are perceived to have deserved a Nobel Prize in Physics but did not receive one, often due to the three-man rule, being deceased, or other reasons. Participants provide specific examples from various years and topics, highlighting notable contributions in physics that they believe warrant recognition.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Historical

Main Points Raised

  • Post 1 lists several individuals and their contributions across different years, suggesting they should have been included as laureates.
  • Post 2 corrects a year mentioned in Post 1 regarding the Nobel Prize for DNA, clarifying it should be 1962 instead of 1912.
  • Post 3 proposes that Alphard and Gamow should have been recognized for their predictions regarding the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).
  • Post 4 mentions Shun'ichi Amari as a potential laureate for his contributions related to Hopfield and Hinton.
  • Post 5 reiterates the claim about Alphard and Gamow, contrasting their theoretical contributions with the recognition given to experimentalists like Smoot, Penzias, and Wilson.
  • Post 6 suggests Giuseppe Occhialini should have shared the 1950 Nobel Prize with C. F. Powell for the discovery of the pion.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express various opinions on who should have been recognized with the Nobel Prize, indicating multiple competing views and no consensus on a definitive list of deserving individuals.

Contextual Notes

Some claims depend on interpretations of contributions and the criteria for Nobel recognition, which are not universally agreed upon. The discussion includes historical context and specific contributions that may not be fully detailed.

pines-demon
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This post to is to find those who deserved a Nobel Prize in Physics but did not receive it with the rest because they were either dead, unable to receive the prize due to the three-man rule, or dismissed for another reason.

If you want to add more please try to specify the year, topic and reasons.

Here I start:
  • 1932 matrix mechanics: Heisenberg and: Pascual Jordan (??)
  • 1943 molecular beams (spin) and magnetic moment of proton: Stern and: Walter Gerlach (??) Immanuel Estermann (??), Otto Frisch (??)
  • 1954 coincidence experiment (1/2): Bothe and: Hans Geiger (dead)
  • 1957 parity violation: Lee, Yang and: Chien-Shiung Wu (not theoretical?)
  • 1965 quantum electrodynamics: Feynman, Schwinger, Tomonaga and: Freeman Dyson (3>)
  • 1969 quarks: Gell-Mann and: George Zweig (??) and Yuval Ne'eman (??)
  • 1970 antiferromagnetism (1/2): Néel and: Lev Shubnikov (dead)
  • 1972 BCS theory: Bardeen, Cooper, Schrieffer and: David Pines (3>)
  • 1974 radio astrophysics and pulsars : Ryles and Hewish and : Jocelyn Bell Burner (???)
  • 1983 stellar nucleosynthesis (1/2): Fowler and: Fred Hoyle (?)
  • 1990 deep inelastic scattering: Friedman, Kendall, Taylor and: James Bjorken (3>)
  • 2005 quantum optics (1/2): Roy Glauber and: E. C. G. Surdashan (3>)
  • 2013 Higgs boson: Englert, Higgs and: Brout (dead), Guralnik, Hagen, and Kibble (3>)
  • 2016 topological phase transitions: Thouless, Kosterlitz, Haldane and: Vadim Berezinskii (dead)
  • 2020 black holes singularity theorems (1/2): Penrose and: Stephen Hawking (dead)
  • 2022 Bell inequalities: Aspect, Clauser, Zeilinger and: John S. Bell (dead)
  • 2023 attosecond physics: Agostini, Krausz, L'Huillier and: Paul Corkum (3>)
Honorable mentions:
  • Arnold Sommerfeld (??) and Paul Langevin (??) for a lot of things
  • 1938 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for fission: Hahn and: Lise Meitner (??)
  • 1962: Nobel Prize in Medicine for DNA: Crick, Watson, Wilkins and: Rosalind Franklin (dead)
Did I miss somebody? Do you agree?

Edited for typos.
 
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pines-demon said:
  • 1912: Nobel Prize in Medicine for DNA: Crick, Watson, Wilkins and: Rosalind Franklin (dead)
Correction: 1962
 
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I thought Alphard and Gamow should have won for predicting the CMB.
 
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For what I have read, Shun'ichi Amari could have won the Nobel this year with Hopfield and Hinton, he kind of conceived Hopfield's idea.
 
Hornbein said:
I thought Alphard and Gamow should have won for predicting the CMB.
George Smoot won the Nobel for finding the tiny differences in the CMB temperature and Penzias and Wilson prior to that for just finding it, yet not the Theorists for predicting it?

Kind of the other way round for Peter Higgs and the LCH
 
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According to his Wikipedia page, Giuseppe Occhialini should have won the 1950 Nobel Prize with C. F. Powell for the discovery of the pion.