Why do we do anything? The true motivation behind human actions

[Enos]

Just so things might seem more clear between us. I'm not really saying 100% selfish now that I've looked up the exact meaning in the dictionary and maybe agreeing with you on that depending if the meanings of what we are referring to are the same.

Now I've been trying to understand the reasons behind every action for a bit and moved on to evolution then now to physics when I felt I had a pretty good understanding of of human actions and evolution. I remember saying we are selfish but changed that term due to its meaning and forgot about that. I came to the conclusion that every action is the best possible action. Whether or not that is what you define that meaning as self-interest is unsure to me. When I came to that conclusion I compared it to many different types of behaviour and situations and found it accurate. Although the meaning is pretty much simple and universal, I prefer to make things that way because I believe that if you break things down enough all you have is simple and universal. Now I'm just trying to figure out if the universe is that simple. I already know it's universal :P

 

[GeD]

I don't know about all that universal stuff

But is every action the best possible action? I mean, could we really know that it is the best? It certainly almost never seems to be the case. Like every decision could have always been a little better when you look at it with hindsight.
I agree with you that whatever action was made before is what brought you to where you are now, and if you put it that way, it's "technically" the best way to get to where you are (since it was the only way to get to EXACTLY where you are now).

 

[Enos]

Well that thing about the best possible action is that actions only exist in the present and the results are based on cause and effect. So whether you look back and think "I could have done better" that doesn't change the fact that when you did choose it was the best choice. Take a closer look at the wrong choices and see if you can understand why it went that way. I did and realized that the best possible action does not necessarily mean that there will always be a good outcome. Don't let the word best throw you off. For example think if someones leg was stuck in a car which was about to explode and there was no time to prevent the explosion. The best possible action might be to cut the leg off so that he can live rather than die in the explosion.

 

[GeD]

Well that thing about the best possible action is that actions only exist in the present and the results are based on cause and effect. So whether you look back and think "I could have done better" that doesn't change the fact that when you did choose it was the best choice. Take a closer look at the wrong choices and see if you can understand why it went that way. I did and realized that the best possible action does not necessarily mean that there will always be a good outcome. Don't let the word best throw you off. For example think if someones leg was stuck in a car which was about to explode and there was no time to prevent the explosion. The best possible action might be to cut the leg off so that he can live rather than die in the explosion.

But since he didn't actually cut his leg out to get out, your definition would state that dying in the explosion is the best action.

So I guess we'd need a clearer understanding of what you mean by best.

 

[Enos]

If he doesn't want his leg cut off he can resist and the people trying to help him will be forced to back out due to any delays that can cost them their lives also. What I mean by best can only be determined by the situation. If the actions available to the mind have only bad outcomes then the best action will be the outcome with the least amount pain. Also depending on what one considers to be more painful also.

 

[GeD]

If he doesn't want his leg cut off he can resist and the people trying to help him will be forced to back out due to any delays that can cost them their lives also. What I mean by best can only be determined by the situation. If the actions available to the mind have only bad outcomes then the best action will be the outcome with the least amount pain. Also depending on what one considers to be more painful also.

I agree- the decision should be based on the situation, adapting to what one encounters. However, I would still say that an action is an error if it was NOT life-affirming or NOT empowering.

 

[lawtonfogle]

If you think about it, why do you do anything? Everything that one does is towards themselves. There is a reason why everybody does anything. If you help someone out, you are happy that you helped them out. If you bought somebody a gift, you could be happy that you bought the gift. Slaves did what they did because they did not want to die or whatnot. If you sacrifice yourself for something, you are doing it because you feel it is right and you feel better about it. Its amazing how some people don't realize this. If you do something, its because you want to.

Then again, it all depends on your definition of selfishness ;)

Usally when people do things listed above, it is only a subconscience reason, if a reason at all. It is not at the top of the list (well maybe the slave) of reasons to do this. Yet, you do have a point, everything we do we do for ourselfs even if we don't try to.

WE are suspose to love others as ourself, so we must love ourself to love others.

 

[Dissident Dan]

Whenever someone tries to classify all human behaviors in some neat little category, you can be almost completely sure that said person is completely wrong.

 

[Telos]

Not to trivialize all the posts in this thread, but almost everything everyone has written has been mentioned in some form in Mark Twain's "What is Man?"

Full text available here:
http://users.telerama.com/~joseph/mantble.html

That said, I don't agree with Twain's position, that everything everyone does is necessarily rooted in self-interest. While in my early college years, I was struggling to find a major and some way to serve the good of society yadda yadda yadda... the same confusing find-yourself stuff stuff that everyone does. Yet, at the end of the day, psychology and modern philosophies were telling me that, whatever it is I end up doing, it will ostensibly be because I thought it would help me, so I should just pick something and get it over with. Well, that didn't sit well, for a number of reasons, not the least because it was a completely erroneous notion. But how to demonstrate it?

Reductio ad absurdum!

I would take something about my life and destroy it - not for masochistic pleasure, but not even for the search of knowledge either (It must be already known that the thing itself will be destroyed and that there will be no gain). It was just because I could do it. It was not for me, but for "itself."

What a tragic experience. No, not a tragedy, but a farse! For didn't I already know with certainty the conclusion? There isn't a day that goes by that I don't regret it. I was almost immediately sad, deeply sad, and still am to this day. I have enough discipline so as to not fall into an cavern of mental illness, but, why... why did I do what I did? Was it to know? No, of course not. I already knew exactly what would happen, and everything happened exactly as predicted. I knew that I would be sad. Did I want to be sad? Well that's silly, obviously all people act in accordance to their self-interest and move towards that which will make them happy... right?

Nope. The philosophers and the psychologists are wrong. There was no benefit to me. I knew that I would be sad and now I am sad. There was no pleasure at all. There is no joking - it was most certainly hell itself, being the conscious agent of the destruction wrought upon your own self. I don't feel wiser, advanced, or even experienced, for the experience was not necessary to know the experience. Certainly it is better that this hell is not experienced at all, by very definition. It is important to note that it was irreversible, for if it was reversible, there would have been a gain, if only in the form of a regain. That such a pain is even possible is not only the falsification of necessary self-interest, but evidence of hell.

I hope this anecdote gives substance to the discussion. The only benefit is for you, the reader. (And, obviously, I would see no benefit or approval from you, for who would applaud a person who willfully and knowingly wrought sadness upon himself? Why, it wouldn't be in your self-interest!)

Oh, the things I do for you people.

(Note: I am not really laughing, but to soften the darkness of the issue for you )

 

[GeD]

You assume that because you were sad that it was against your self-interests. As if following self-interests will always lead to being happy about each and every action.

 

[Telos]

You assume that because...

No, not because. The sadness was determined a priori; it was already known and expected.

 

[GeD]

"Because" is not being used here to state that you assume that you feel sad. I'm not discussing the feeling to be a priori or not. The context of the word "because" is used is to state that you have assumed that feeling sad ALWAYS equates to following one's self-interests.

I call that state as being a used whore to one's guilt and conscience.

 

[Enos]

Trying to prove that you can do something that seemingly doesn't benifit you in an act of control. Testing the rules you thought that applied to you and in doing so hiding the rules to give you a sense of control. Many people are more than willing to sacrifice their happiness to prove something or to help someone esle. However I strongly believe that every action is the best possible action. This meaning needs the combinations of the words "Every action is the best possible action" in order to make sense so selfish is out,

 

[GeD]

I think it would help us a lot more if you explained what you meant by best action, rather than the endless argument about happiness or sadness via self-interests.

You may have something, but we need to know what you mean by best possible action. Best meaning the greatest fulfillment of self-interests? Best meaning the action we willed the most for during the decision making time?
Need the definition of best for this case.

 

[Marc Carpentier]

We are all the same.
We are all One.
"Selfishness"
should be a
beautiful
word.

 

[Telos]

The context of the word "because" is used is to state that you have assumed that feeling sad ALWAYS equates to following one's self-interests.

No, I did not make this assumption. Actually, didn't I reasonably assume the opposite, that feeling sad equates to acting against one's self-interest? BTW, I wasn't talking about gloomy sad, or even manic depression sad, but like... biblical sadness. Cardinal sin sadness. Cutting yourself off from all that is good sadness. In more concrete terms, acting consciously and completely against one's self-interest kind of sadness.

And it is not advisable at all. Ever. Everyone should always act in their self-interest. By definition, it is totally undesirable, so I could not have desired it. Indeed, I did not desire to it. I did not do it for me, nor for anyone else in order to gain their approval. So for whom/what did I do it? Well, what else is there left if I did not do it for me or for anyone else? All that's left is itself. Therefore it follows that I did it for itself.

We do not always act 100% self-interested, via proof by contradiction. It is what we ought to do, certainly, and truly it is what we do most of the time. Even when we appear to act against self-interest it is because we were ignorant of something. But not in the above case. It is demonstrable to act consciously, with full awareness of the consequences, premeditated certainty, permanence, and solitude, purely against one's self-interest. It is worse than suicide, because it is arguable that all suicides occur when one does not have full awareness of the consequences (all the more appropriate, since death is by definition unknowable by the living).

This whole thing was a reductio ad absurdum endeavor to find the truth of the topic of this thread, and it is true that the topic is false. There is no satisfaction from this particular truth, no usefullness, and no goodness. This is a very terrible post. Indeed, if you want to keep acting in your self-interest (and you should), you would shield yourself from trying to understand it. By all means, avoid experiencing hell. It is the right and most sensible thing to do. If you are at all self-interested, avert your eyes and refrain from reading further.

I use words like "hell," and "biblical," figuratively and so detached from their dogmatic contexts. However, it cannot be overstated that acting purely against one's self-interest is obviously wrong.

I don't know for whom I make this post, because such knowledge cannot aid anyone in any way. But the universal statement "Everyone is 100% self-interested" is not true. Since I obviously don't make this post for anybody, I make it for "itself."

 

[GeD]

No, I did not make this assumption. Actually, didn't I reasonably assume the opposite, that feeling sad equates to acting against one's self-interest? BTW, I wasn't talking about gloomy sad, or even manic depression sad, but like... biblical sadness. Cardinal sin sadness. Cutting yourself off from all that is good sadness. In more concrete terms, acting consciously and completely against one's self-interest kind of sadness.

Actually, that was supposed to say that you assumed that feeling sad equates to acting against one's self-interest. And I state the same retort: "I call that state as being a used whore to one's guilt and conscience."

And it is not advisable at all. Ever. Everyone should always act in their self-interest. By definition, it is totally undesirable, so I could not have desired it. Indeed, I did not desire to it. I did not do it for me, nor for anyone else in order to gain their approval. So for whom/what did I do it? Well, what else is there left if I did not do it for me or for anyone else? All that's left is itself. Therefore it follows that I did it for itself.

But you assume here that when we act against our self-interests, that our values are still ranked and ordered in the same manner as before. I must argue that it is highly speculative if not mistaken, to assume that we kept the same values and then somehow decided to go against our values at the time of the decision. The statement, "we chose to go against our self-interests/rank of values" is actually the statement, "we chose to go against our previously held self-interests/rank of values". Thus, no matter how degrading or damaging our action was, we chose to go with the values we had at the time of our decision (such interests/rank of values may have changed from the past of 20 mins ago, and will probably change in the future).

However, I will make a concession here. I think that the disagreement we have may be based on the definition of self-interest. Surely, I find that the commonly held argument is not very convincing - that somehow we go against our own values when we act and choose is absurd. However, I do agree that not everyone acts in a way that is empowering to themselves. Thus, according to that definition, people can still act upon what they "valued" at the time, yet they could be weakening themselves or degrading their lives for such values. If this is the definition you had in mind, I would then agree that not everyone acts according to their "interests", or to be less ambigious, that no one always acts in a way that every action empowers themselves. It is very possible that people may act in a way that would degrade or weaken themselves unknowingly.
But this definition of self-interest is different from the "self-interest" that was part of the original 100% deal - always acting according to the values we have/choose to have. I still argue against the idea that a person could act on something that did not involve some part of their interests/values.

This whole thing was a reductio ad absurdum endeavor to find the truth of the topic of this thread, and it is true that the topic is false. There is no satisfaction from this particular truth, no usefullness, and no goodness.

No usefulness from this truth? I disagree. For some it may be useless, but for some it may be useful.

This is a very terrible post. Indeed, if you want to keep acting in your self-interest (and you should), you would shield yourself from trying to understand it. By all means, avoid experiencing hell. It is the right and most sensible thing to do. If you are at all self-interested, avert your eyes and refrain from reading further.

I could say the same thing for those who wish to believe that they have the power to overcome everything - even their highly subtle self-interests.

I don't know for whom I make this post, because such knowledge cannot aid anyone in any way. But the universal statement "Everyone is 100% self-interested" is not true.

Anyone who can understand themselves better, could be empowered when tackling on problems and issues of life. Thus this post is not useless, and I argue - not false either.

Since I obviously don't make this post for anybody, I make it for "itself."

You made it for itself? Do you have a hidden debt to pay "it"? Seriously, writing your paragraph is not for "itself", but for a chosen purpose - an interest within your self.

 

[Enos]

Best applies to everything in the same way light goes along a straight path through vaccum. The best possible action can have good or bad outcomes. well got to go, sorry for any long delays in my post. I don't have a computer.

 

[Enos]

To bring a better understanding of the best possible action I guess I'll start with human actions. Where your life is at now is a series of the best possible actions through out your whole life. But where most people get mixed up in the meaning is when they automatically assume "If my life was a series of the best possible actions then why isn't my life perfect or at least better."

It's really a matter of limits one sets for themselves by gathering information from observations, knowledge from others, theories and experience. These limits are both physical and mental. Of course when two ideas collide and contradict each other the idea with the stronger emotions involved will win. If fear wins over you will be afraid, If anger takes over you will be angry. If pride takes over you won't give up. Pretty simple so far.

Things seemingly get more complicated when you bring things up like self inflicting pain and suicide. But that again is rather just the collision of ideas and values rather then excluding these actions from being called the best possible actions, you just need to seek the meaning in these actions. If one wanted to feel more in control then self inflicting pain makes more sense, there are other reasons like being forced or manipulated to do so by threatening your life or someone else's. Suicide is rather a choice one makes when they evaluate their life and begin to believe that there is meaningless or living on with the pain in their life is needless pain and their beliefs hold truth with respect to themselves. If you truthfully see no outs in the pain in your life and believe in no chance of pleasure or happiness within your reach then suicide is usually considered. I say usually because there are other ways of giving up like going in a mall with a shotgun and randomly killing people or moving to the "south of France and changing your name to Vincent." (stole this line from goodwill hunting).

You can pretty much find the best action in every great or stupid choices you made in your life if you think of the reasons behind your choices. Why did I jump off the cliff and tear my ligaments? Because my friends jumped and my pride exceeded my fears but my fears exceed my theory of how much force was need to make the jump. With those combinations I jumped with wobbly legs and didn't make it.

Well I think I explained things a litttle more clear then light traveling a straight path through vacuum and I hope things make more sense now.

 

[what]

I have encountered similar threads and posts on this topic in almost every forum that i have seen, and there has never been a resolution or change of opinion, on anyone's side(to my knowledge). That being said, perhaps it would help to think of it this way, as was discussed in the beginning. Classifying people as 100% selfish is the incorrect way of putting it. Rather, i believe, it would be much more accurate to say that every action(I'm talking about human behavior that requires a conscience decision) can be interpreted to have a selfish motive.

 

[bstruck]

From an evolutionary view it makes perfect sense that we should be self-interested or interested in preserving our bloodline, in order to preserve the bloodline. In response to the comments made by loseyourname about life risking situations. I wonder if women who can no longer produce offspring would be more willing to risk their life for the life of their children. My presumption would be that they are much more willing to risk their lives for a family member than a woman who could still potentially produce children, because they can no longer benefit their bloodline.

 

[Reshma]

I haven't read most of the stuff posted here nor have I read much literature on 'selfishness'. So I apologise if my views echo with those already posted here.

Everybody is 100% selfish--is a very vague and unspecific statement. Whether we are selfish or not depends on our degree of empathy. Notice the keyword here--Empathy and NOT just sympathy. Sympathy is something very passive which most of us are capable of. But, empathy is something much deeper and it extends beyond self. Most of the time, the reason we fail to understand others is we lack empathy. Often, the capacity to empathise is not found even between spouses, parents and children, friends etc. as often as we don't realize our own selfishness.

Speaking of whether parental love is selfish, again empathy comes into the picture. A lot of parents are quite narcisstic(remember the cliched "chip of the old block"?) and view their children merely as little extensions of themselves rather than individuals different from them. No wonder they are puzzled when their children exhibit behaviour different from them(not necessarily a negative behaviour).

So to sum it all the degree to empathise with others makes us less selfish. Well that's my opinion anyway...

 

[eNathan]

If you think about it, why do you do anything? Everything that one does is towards themselves. There is a reason why everybody does anything. If you help someone out, you are happy that you helped them out. If you bought somebody a gift, you could be happy that you bought the gift. Slaves did what they did because they did not want to die or whatnot. If you sacrifice yourself for something, you are doing it because you feel it is right and you feel better about it. Its amazing how some people don't realize this. If you do something, its because you want to.

Then again, it all depends on your definition of selfishness ;)

Interesting point, but there is something you don't get (or you have not said). If you do something for someone else, good is being done for them and you. If you do something out of "selfishness", you are the only one that profits good. Get my point eh?

 

[Kenneth Mann]

I'm finding it difficult following some of the thinking that has been expressed here, for example:

Although I agree with humans as relative beings to a certian point I do believe that there is no free-will when you narrow things down enough. Although we all have freedom to choose any available choice there is, whether the action becomes what is expected, We still have no choice but to choose. And that isn't relative. The choice to end choice is a choice itself. The matter of our being still exist and our existence is not our choice also.

Every action is an invented property because every action is relative. Our actions are reflections of our choices and we can always choose differently from other beings. As long as there are different beings sharing the same territory and holding different concepts of what choices are considered right and considered wrong then there will be different groups, species, races..etc..
Everything that is relative is a concept but the only absolute thing is that we have no choice in choice itself. That thing about absolutes is that it only exist in the present. And relative beings can only dwell in the past and predict the future.

This sounds a lot like Determinism. Do you really want that? It is an idea that has been more or less going around in circles for about 300 years. see the following:

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/determinism-causal/#1

Well that thing about the best possible action is that actions only exist in the present and the results are based on cause and effect. So whether you look back and think "I could have done better" that doesn't change the fact that when you did choose it was the best choice.

Ditto!

Trying to prove that you can do something that seemingly doesn't benifit you in an act of control. Testing the rules you thought that applied to you and in doing so hiding the rules to give you a sense of control. Many people are more than willing to sacrifice their happiness to prove something or to help someone esle. However I strongly believe that every action is the best possible action. This meaning needs the combinations of the words "Every action is the best possible action" in order to make sense so selfish is out,

To bring a better understanding of the best possible action I guess I'll start with human actions. Where your life is at now is a series of the best possible actions through out your whole life. But where most people get mixed up in the meaning is when they automatically assume "If my life was a series of the best possible actions then why isn't my life perfect or at least better."

It's really a matter of limits one sets for themselves by gathering information from observations, knowledge from others, theories and experience. These limits are both physical and mental. Of course when two ideas collide and contradict each other the idea with the stronger emotions involved will win. If fear wins over you will be afraid, If anger takes over you will be angry. If pride takes over you won't give up. Pretty simple so far.

Things seemingly get more complicated when you bring things up like self inflicting pain and suicide. But that again is rather just the collision of ideas and values rather then excluding these actions from being called the best possible actions, you just need to seek the meaning in these actions. If one wanted to feel more in control then self inflicting pain makes more sense, there are other reasons like being forced or manipulated to do so by threatening your life or someone else's. Suicide is rather a choice one makes when they evaluate their life and begin to believe that there is meaningless or living on with the pain in their life is needless pain and their beliefs hold truth with respect to themselves. If you truthfully see no outs in the pain in your life and believe in no chance of pleasure or happiness within your reach then suicide is usually considered. I say usually because there are other ways of giving up like going in a mall with a shotgun and randomly killing people or moving to the "south of France and changing your name to Vincent." (stole this line from goodwill hunting).

You can pretty much find the best action in every great or stupid choices you made in your life if you think of the reasons behind your choices. Why did I jump off the cliff and tear my ligaments? Because my friends jumped and my pride exceeded my fears but my fears exceed my theory of how much force was need to make the jump. With those combinations I jumped with wobbly legs and didn't make it.

Well I think I explained things a litttle more clear then light traveling a straight path through vacuum and I hope things make more sense now.

By "best possible action" you appear to be inferring that which has the strongest emotional pull on the person acting. This, in turn, appears to conform to the model proposed by Abraham Maslow, as described at the sites below. Could that be the case?

http://www2.cedarcrest.edu/academic/mus/cmcanall/jbrozen/honors/people/maslow/maslow.htm
http://changingminds.org/explanations/needs/maslow.htm
http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/regsys/maslow.html
http://web.utk.edu/~gwynne/maslow.HTM
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow#Hierarchy_of_Human_Needs
http://elvers.stjoe.udayton.edu/history/people/Maslow.html

From an evolutionary view it makes perfect sense that we should be self-interested or interested in preserving our bloodline, in order to preserve the bloodline. In response to the comments made by loseyourname about life risking situations. I wonder if women who can no longer produce offspring would be more willing to risk their life for the life of their children. My presumption would be that they are much more willing to risk their lives for a family member than a woman who could still potentially produce children, because they can no longer benefit their bloodline.

Probably not (in most cases), because self survival is a more basic priority than species maintenance, especially when the former is concrete and immediate and the latter is abstract and removed.

Finally, it would be nice if someone could pull together the ideas that have been expressed in this string, to come to a comprehensive package.

KM

 

[Kenneth Mann]

I've noticed that in the discussion that has gone on in this string so far, much of the disagreement (or confusion) has resulted from semantic differences rather than from actual differences in opinion. Put simply, it is quite difficult to express ideas clearly if there are no clear and unique definitions for the terms used. To this end, I have tried to come up with (a start at) more concise (if somewhat arbitrary) definitions for some of the main terms used. These include:
1) selfish (adjective): striving to promote the welfare and advantage of ones-self, at the expense of one or more others. This may or may not include resorting to acts that are unethical, illegal or immoral. An act of this type requires some (overt or otherwise) component which is performed with the express purpose of disadvantaging one or more others. Theft, cheating and class discrimination are examples of this type of activity. [selfishness (noun), selfishly (adverb)]
2) self-interested (adj.): striving to promote the welfare and advantage of ones-self, while, at the same time performing no acts consciously calculated to disadvantage others. Working for a living is an example of this type of activity. (Getting the job may have been either self-interested or selfish, however the act of working itself can be considered self-interested.) [self-interest (noun)]
3) self-centered (adj.): an activity that includes both those that are selfish and self-interested.
4) self-aware (adj.): involving the state in which one is cognizant of the relationship of oneself to others. If this state does not exist, any resulting activity cannot be considered selfish or self-interested, only reflexive. Other than humans, only great apes and cetations (dolphins) appear to have any degree of this quality. [self-awareness (noun)]
5) instinctive (adj.): refers to actions, responses and activities that were acquired at birth.
6) conditioned (adj.): refers to actions, responses and activities that are learned.
a) externally-conditioned: imposed by outside influences, i.e. environmental.
b) self-conditioned: imposed on oneself, generally through practice.
c) introspectively-conditioned: formed as a result of ones' own deliberations.
7) reflexive (adj.): refers to actions that are performed automatically (without volition or conscious control), as result of some stimulus, and that require essentially no forethought. [reflex (noun)]
8) volitional (adj): refers to actions that require forethought and conscious control. [volition (noun), ]

The words given above, are an attempt to take the ambiguity out of the terminology by designating unique words for each activity or condition, and for each word to have a unique activity. This was just a rough-cut designation, so if more fitting terminology is found, it should be substituted.

I agree with the string initiator, that selfishness is our basic trait. It's our link to the animal kingdom and our past - - - our possession of the main characteristic that helped us survive via natural selection before we had achieved our present level of self-awareness and superior cognitive abilities which now allow us (if we so choose) to displace selfishness with a higher and more effective capability - - - but we overwhelmingly don't do so; because it's just too comfortable to remain in our old patterns.

Where I differ from some of the others apparently, is in three areas. First, I don't believe that we are 100 percent selfish. (Maybe 99% - - - who knows?) It is this small minority trait in us (we all have it, but most don't develop it) which has allowed us to (painfully) advance our civilization over the millennia, but we are essentially still just Cro-Magnon humans.

The second difference is the fact that I do not believe in "Determinism" , that our nature and environment control our future. I believe instead that, with slow painful steps, we can improve our civilization; never to reach perfection, but certainly we can make it a lot better. - - - On the other hand, I harbor no illusions. - - - Nothing is going to come easy. (Things could also get worse.)

The third difference stems from my belief that, despite our "advances" in civilization, we are not essentially different 'inside'. Our moral rules, Laws, etc. just serve to inhibit our animal tendencies in some areas. We are far from achieving the "Best of all possible worlds".

These are reasons that I find this string so informative and important. I think that this is an important subject, and one that deserves a discussion that is as comprehensive as possible. I hope that these (definitions) will help a bit.

KM

 

[Enos]

I use the words "best possible action" because I apply this principle to everything in the universe. So saying "strongest emotional pull" is a step down because that only applies to emotional beings and does not apply to forced actions like free-falling from a roof or other types of things that our emotions have no control over.

From a quick look at what Abraham Maslow says is that the need for food, health and sleep is top priority. While their seems to be some pyrimad to explain his theory, that isn't the case with my beliefs. If one values pride and honor more then ones own life then taking away their primary needs will not work if your trying to torture some information out of them.

If the quick look wasn't good enough then let me know. Thanks.

 

[mathwonk]

This reminds me of a conversation i had 35 years ago with a rather insightful friend. I said I had noticed most of my acquaintances were selfish, and he said, "you know what that tells me? It tells me you are selfish."

 

[Lisa!]

"Our firs and last love is self-love"
I really believe that "everybody is 100% selfish".but it's really difficult to prove.




I want to ask you some questions:
1.Why do some people devote their lives because of others?
2.Why do parents still love their bad children?
3.Do you think that a person who doesn't like himself,is able to like others?
4.Do you think that being selfish is bad or not?

 

[CDplayer]

I want to ask you some questions:

1.Why do some people devote their lives because of others?
2.Why do parents still love their bad children?

It happens as naturally as our brain functions, I think, in accordance with what we are told by our emotions.

 

[Enos]

I do believe we have no control over what will happen in the future. Death hints this determinism all the time. Sure we can choose to do this or choose to do that. From all the experience and all the different emotions you've felt throughout your whole life, the choice you make is in a way made before you were even born. Every atom that makes up your mind and body is the same as every atom that makes up the dirt you walk on, the food you eat, the planet you live on, the moon, the sun, the galaxies and the universe. Noting through a universal point of view makes you more special than the comets that follow their predetermined paths. The only real difference between us and that comet is that we are able to observe our path. We then feel so connected with the change of paths that we begin to feel that every twist and turn our path makes is our choice. To be selfish requires seperating from the universe and see oneself as the body that you observe through. So to believe choice and free-will is rather a selfish act itself because you must believe that you are different from every thing esle.