Why Does Zinc Hydroxide Dissolve in Ammonium Chloride Solution?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the dissolution of zinc hydroxide in ammonium chloride solution, exploring the underlying chemical mechanisms and reasoning behind the observed behavior. Participants analyze various explanations for why zinc hydroxide precipitate dissolves upon the addition of ammonium chloride, considering both theoretical and chemical principles.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that the formation of a soluble zinc chloride compound explains the dissolution of zinc hydroxide.
  • Others argue that ammonia is a stronger ligand than hydroxide ions, which could account for the dissolution.
  • One participant suggests that ammonium ions increase the solubility product of zinc hydroxide, contributing to its dissolution.
  • Another viewpoint is that ammonium ions decrease the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution, shifting the equilibrium and promoting dissolution.
  • It is noted that when NH4Cl is added, NH4+ undergoes hydrolysis, producing H3O+ which removes OH^- ions, thus shifting the equilibrium to favor the dissolution of zinc hydroxide.
  • There is speculation that NH3 formed could complex with zinc hydroxide to create a soluble complex, which may also facilitate dissolution.
  • One participant challenges the validity of the explanation that ammonia is a stronger ligand, arguing that adding ammonium chloride dilutes ammonia and decreases its concentration, thus questioning the correctness of that reasoning.
  • Concerns are raised about the distinction between the formation of a soluble zinc compound and the role of complexation in the dissolution process.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express disagreement regarding the explanations for the dissolution of zinc hydroxide, with multiple competing views presented. No consensus is reached on which explanation is correct, as different participants support different hypotheses.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the reasoning involves assumptions about equilibrium shifts, the role of ligands, and the effects of dilution on pH and ion concentrations, which remain unresolved and may influence the interpretations of the dissolution process.

cyt91
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Zn(II) ions form a white ppt. zinc hydroxide with an aqueous solution of ammonia. The white ppt. dissolves when a ammonium chloride solution is added to it. Which statement explains this observation?

A. a soluble zinc chloride compound is formed
B. ammonia molecule is a stronger ligand than hydroxide ion
C. ammonium ions increase the solubility product of zinc hydroxide
D. ammonium ions decrease the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution

The answer given is B.
Why not D?
 
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Give your reasoning. Just because question doesn't fit template doesn't mean you can show no effort.
 
Zn(OH)2 <----> 2OH^- + Zn^2+ (equilibrium 1)

When NH4Cl is added, NH4+ undergoes hydrolysis.
NH4+ + H2O ----> NH3 + H3O+

H3O+ removes OH^- in equilibrium 1 and the equilibrium shifts to the right. Therefore, zinc hydroxide dissolves.

This is my reasoning for choosing D.

Or is it the NH3 formed complexes with zinc hydroxide to form the soluble complex
[Zn(NH3)4]^2+ and this formation of soluble complex is more significant towards the solubility of zinc hydroxide?

It seems to me both cases are possible.
 
There is something wrong with B. When you add ammonium chloride you don't increase substantially concentration of ammonia present in the solution. Quite the opposite - you are diluting it (ammonium chloride was added in the form of solution). So pH goes down (think in terms of buffer solution, you add conjugate acid) and concentration of ammonia goes down - B can't be correct, D must be correct.

Also I wonder how A is different from B, after all, zinc complexation means creation of a soluble zinc compound.

--
 

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