Alpha particles are high ionizers primarily due to their large mass and significant charge, which contribute to their ability to lose energy effectively through scattering with electrons in materials. The ionization process is described by the Bethe-Bloch equation, indicating that the ionization rate increases with the square of the particle's charge and is more pronounced at low energies, known as the Bragg peak. Alpha particles, being much more massive than electrons, possess greater momentum, enhancing their ionization capability. This combination of mass and charge makes alpha particles more effective at ionizing materials compared to beta and gamma radiation. Understanding these factors is crucial for applications in radiation physics and safety.