Why is Bell’s theorem still considered controversial?

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Matterwave said:
Which would be?

BM is one example but more generally, I’m referring to parts of the Quantum Information community engaging with Bell foundations through hidden-variable framings or finite-speed-causation puzzles (not the operational / device-independent folk, which is fine), and by extension some of the Holography programme (ER=EPR treats entanglement as geometrically classical wormhole connections) and parts of the entropy / thermodynamic-gravity line.

And for example the newest shiniest thing which is in a similar tradition: https://perimeterinstitute.ca/resea...d-initiatives/celestial-holography-initiative
 
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The fact that we already have two pages and most of it is clarifying the interpretations or semantics, shows why Bell's theorem is controversial. Again the experimental results and theory is cut and clear, it is the interpretative conclusion that creates these conversations.
 
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danieltanfh95 said:
So my question really is this: why and how did it all get so confusing with faster-than-light communication, superdeterminism or other exotic interpretations when it is something quite trivial to understand, or does my explanation above constitute some new theorem (because if so, I’m not even sure what the core thesis is).

danieltanfh95 said:
The problem is that folks revert to classical mental models (demanding CFD, expecting classical factorization, treating particles as labelled objects) and then generate pseudo-questions like FTL propagation to resolve puzzles that only arise under those classical commitments.
...
Which brings me to the second point, which I think is the crux of the problem. To me, Reichenbach's PCC in terms of classical probabilities is a poor representation of common cause as a philosophical concept since it does not cover the QM case. However, people seem to be hung up on the mathematical representation and then use that classical representation to somehow capture the whole meaning of common cause.
Agree. I personally think the heart of the problem is many stick to a paradigm of understanding natures interactions and ontology that whose "span" constraints our understanding. I think how nature actually works is outside the scope of the current paradigm. Sticking to the paradigm, is respnsible for many apparent pathologies. The pathologies is in our understanding.
danieltanfh95 said:
People are still in denial over the fact that we need to generalise or update our priors on every mathematical representation of philosophical content we have (as long as the logic is rational).
Agree.
danieltanfh95 said:
I'm having trouble understanding the motivation for shoehorning classical commitments or classical probabilities into quantum mechanics.
Just to play the devils advocated: I think thinking outside the de facto existing paradigm is very difficult, as all your ponderings and are often constrained by the logic allowed by the paradigm. Some sort of violations is necessary to break out. Also in any learning process, some element of conservatism is also rational for stability.

But sooner or later the possibility that we are seeking in the wrong forest should come onto the currently prioritised reflections.

(But the generalization into quanutm logic is not complete, much of that has still flaws of old thinking, so there is no answer yet)
pines-demon said:
The fact that we already have two pages and most of it is clarifying the interpretations or semantics shows why Bell's theorem is controversial. Again the experimental results and theory is cut and clear, it is the interpretative conclusion that creates these conversations.
I agree. For me personally the issues is settled with: Nothing wrong with the theorem, neither do i find the attempts at finding loopholes rational.

Instead, I think the theory space to which Bells theorem applies to, does not contains the correct theory for nature. That's my takeaway from Bell's theorem.
Nugatory said:
But when we ask the analogous question of a quantum system, there’s nothing well-understood and non-controversial underneath.
Agree, if we understand quantum mechanics as a statisical "macro model"; our understanding of what "really happens" (in some appropriate paragidm) is missing.

I think that ongoing missiion is a valid one, but the focal point of all this is not "Bells theorem", its loopholes nor the tradtiional bell-system diagnostics. I think no progress will be made trying to analyse bells thereom over and over again. After all bells own definition of non-locality are not very useful for forward work at all, except as historical comparasions.

I think the focus should be on what are the generalized laws/logic that replace the old style dynamical laws and old style statistical inferences? And most likely the answer we dont yet have will required a modified paradigm of natures ontology and interactions.

/Fredrik
 
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Fra said:
I agree. For me personally the issues is settled with: Nothing wrong with the theorem, neither do i find the attempts at finding loopholes rational.

Instead, I think the theory space to which Bells theorem applies to, does not contains the correct theory for nature. That's my takeaway from Bell's theorem.
What is the theory space to which Bell's theorem applies?

Fra said:
I think no progress will be made trying to analyse bells thereom over and over again. After all bells own definition of non-locality are not very useful for forward work at all, except as historical comparasions.
What is Bell's definition of locality and why is it not useful?
 
Matterwave said:
Unfortunately, you have to pick one (or more) to deny. The only way around a (valid) theorem is to deny one of its assumptions (premises) since the logical chain from premises to conclusions can not be broken. Bell's theorem, for example, is not about preserving classical mechanics, rather, it lays out clearly what assumptions went into it so that you know that if violations of his inequalities are observed in the laboratory, then (at least) one of the assumptions must be false.

Pick your poison:

1. Locality / relativistic causal structure
2. RPCC
3. Statistical measurement independence
4. Single measurement outcomes

A valid way to escape picking one of those 4 is to show, formally, another load-bearing assumption in Bell's theorem and violate that. MWI went this way and that's why 4 got added to that list.
Seems the CFD assumption is missing. The first image is single measurement outcomes. While the second image requires counterfactual definetness assumptions
Two equations stacked vertically: A(a, λ) = +1 above A(a′, λ) = −1, with the primed angle a′ and the Greek variable λ shown in italics.
Printed equation: Value = AB + AB' + A'B − A'B' = A(B + B'), with a partially cut-off line of text above it.
 
Point Conception said:
Seems the CFD assumption is missing. The first image is single measurement outcomes. While the second image requires counterfactual definetness assumptions

Could you point to where you got these images so I know the arguments behind them?

Generally speaking, my view on CFD is that denying it doesn't get you "out of" Bell's theorem like denying locality or single measurement outcomes does. It's something that one could read into the 1964 Bell paper because that paper was building on top of the EPR argument. But later Bell papers (e.g. The Theory of Local Beables or La Nouvelle Cuisine) don't make use of CFD in their chains of reasoning (to my understanding).
 
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Matterwave said:
Generally speaking, my view on CFD is that denying it doesn't get you "out of" Bell's theorem like denying locality or single measurement outcomes does. It's something that one could read into the 1964 Bell paper because that paper was building on top of the EPR argument. But later Bell papers (e.g. The Theory of Local Beables or La Nouvelle Cuisine) don't make use of CFD in their chains of reasoning (to my understanding).
Not only that assumption only appears in 1964, but also it is probably not a CFD condition, it is better called outcome determinism (OD) per Stanford Encyclopedia.
 
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Matterwave said:
Could you point to where you got these images so I know the arguments behind them?

Generally speaking, my view on CFD is that denying it doesn't get you "out of" Bell's theorem like denying locality or single measurement outcomes does. It's something that one could read into the 1964 Bell paper because that paper was building on top of the EPR argument. But later Bell papers (e.g. The Theory of Local Beables or La Nouvelle Cuisine) don't make use of CFD in their chains of reasoning (to my understanding).
Images from internet and notes ,that have seen better days. + CHSH inequality. Again the table on left would be single measurement outcomes. And inequality images on right side. With CFD assumptions
Handwritten-style table of eight rows listing sign combinations of outcomes a, b, c with frequencies N1 to N8, beside typed inequalities P(a+, b+) = N3 + N4, P(a+, c+) = N2 + N4, P(c+, b+) = N3 + N7, N3 + N4 <= N2 + N4 + N3 + N7, and P(a+, b+) <= P(a+, c+) + P(c+, b+).
 
pines-demon said:
Not only that assumption only appears in 1964, but also it is probably not a CFD condition, it is better called outcome determinism (OD) per Stanford Encyclopedia.
Yes, there is a whole discussion and literature on this point of outcome determinism. Bell himself writes on this in future papers like the Bertlmann's Socks paper. Bell does use, in his 1964 paper, explicitly that ##A(a,\lambda)=\{\pm 1\}## which is outcome determinism. It means that given measurement setting ##a## and (exact values of) hidden variables ##\lambda## then the outcome is deterministically 1 or -1 (you still have a probability distribution over lambda though: ##\rho(\lambda)##). That deterministic outcome could, I suppose, be read as a counterfactual claim.

The outcome determinism arose because Bell in 1964 was analyzing EPR and in EPR they needed perfect (anti)-correlation to make their point. Their criterion of reality only worked if you could predict a property of something with perfect accuracy (without disturbing that something). Perfect (anti)-correlations combined with locality gives you outcome determinism. Any left over probabilistic nature would ruin the perfect (anti) correlations.

In later papers, when he talked about more general scenarios, Bell dropped the perfect (anti) correlation requirement and outcome determinism went with it. He explicitly uses probability distributions over ##A## and ##B## in those later papers.
 
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Point Conception said:
Images from internet and notes ,that have seen better days. + CHSH inequality. Again the table on left would be single measurement outcomes. And inequality images on right side. With CFD assumptions View attachment 375246
This will be a bit hard to work with. 😂

Maybe you can elaborate why you think CFD is an assumption of Bell's theorem?
 
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Point Conception said:
The first image is single measurement outcomes. While the second image requires counterfactual definetness assumptions
Again, where are these images from?

You need to give links to actual references--textbooks or peer-reviewed papers. Just posting images with no indication of where they are from does not give a valid basis for discussion.
 
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A good, relatively neutral reference on the "realism" criterion as it was used in the past is in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bell-theorem/#LocaReal

Interestingly, the word "counterfactual" does not appear in that section, though the concept certainly does.

The article and also that section is well sourced to papers from Clauser, Shimony, Horne, d'Espagnat, Mermin, etc.
 
PeterDonis said:
From where?
I have 7 kg of papers copied from internet. In future I will list specific sources. So I have lost track since some images were isolated. And since im not latex savvy here, I just make copies of relevant equations. By the way is there anything incorrect/ not factual about diagram in post #42 ?
Photo of a printed page headed "6 Nonlocality and Relativity" with dense body text, placed on a bathroom scale and a patterned mat, with other loose papers beneath.
Photo of a large, messy stack of printed papers and photocopied pages spread across a floor, many with handwritten notes and highlights, including a page headed 6 Nonlocality and Relativity and a page titled D'Alembert's solution of the Wave Equation.
Photo of four printed pages laid on a patterned surface: a Bell paper titled 'On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen Paradox', a Wikipedia 'Principle of locality' article, a Bell lecture 'Bertlmann's socks and the nature of reality', and a Wikipedia 'CHSH inequality' article.
Space-time diagram with time on the vertical axis and space on the horizontal axis, showing a source at the bottom centre emitting photons that reach analyzers A and B, with dashed light-signal lines crossing between A and B and a caption explaining spacelike separation.
 
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Well, like all good threads, it's time to close this one and move on to new discussions.

Thank you all for contributing here.

The Moderation Staff
 
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