Why Is Universal Attraction Used If Galaxies Accelerate Apart?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the terminology used in cosmology regarding the forces acting on galaxies, specifically the term "universal attraction" versus "universal repulsion." Participants argue that while galaxies are accelerating away from each other, they are still under the influence of gravitational attraction, as evidenced by the impending collision of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies. The role of dark energy is highlighted as a dominant force at cosmological scales, leading to the universe's accelerating expansion. The conversation emphasizes the complexity of gravitational interactions and the need for precise terminology in cosmological discussions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newtonian gravity and its limitations at cosmological scales.
  • Familiarity with dark energy and its role in the universe's expansion.
  • Knowledge of gravitational attraction and repulsion concepts.
  • Basic principles of cosmology and galaxy dynamics.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of dark energy on cosmic expansion.
  • Study the Newtonian law of gravity and its applicability to large-scale structures.
  • Examine the Milky Way-Andromeda collision and its gravitational dynamics.
  • Explore the concept of universal repulsion in the context of modern cosmology.
USEFUL FOR

Astronomers, cosmologists, physics students, and anyone interested in the dynamics of galaxies and the forces governing the universe.

Zerger
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If galaxies fly apart from each other with ACCELERATION, why is the term "universal attraction" used and not "universal repulsion"?
 
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Throw a rock staright up in the air. While it's moving up, is it attracted or repelled by the Earth? Is it accelerating? How many forces, do you think, are acting on the rock on its way up?
 
The object of the question is the universe. Maybe the rock is pushing in.
 
Zerger said:
If galaxies fly apart from each other with ACCELERATION, why is the term "universal attraction" used and not "universal repulsion"?
To expand on @kuruman's question, why do you think it is not possible for two things to attract each other even while one accelerates away from the other? How do rockets leaving Earth act?
 
Zerger said:
If galaxies fly apart from each other with ACCELERATION, why is the term "universal attraction" used and not "universal repulsion"?
The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are on a collision course, due to their mutual gravitational attraction. See, for example:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda–Milky_Way_collision

At the largest cosmological scales, so-called dark energy (energy of the vacuum) dominates gravitational attraction and results in an accelerating expansion of the universe.
 
PeroK said:
The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are on a collision course, due to their mutual gravitational attraction. See, for example:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda–Milky_Way_collision

At the largest cosmological scales, so-called dark energy (energy of the vacuum) dominates gravitational attraction and results in an accelerating expansion of the universe.
And ... so much for the Socratic Method.
 
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phinds said:
To expand on @kuruman's question, why do you think it is not possible for two things to attract each other even while one accelerates away from the other? How do rockets leaving Earth act?
Why do you think that two objects cannot repel each other, even if one is accelerating toward the other?Which should be exemplified - all rocks or all galaxies?
 
Zerger said:
Why do you think that two objects cannot repel each other, even if one is accelerating toward the other?Which should be exemplified - all rocks or all galaxies?
Answering my question with a strawman does not answer my question, even though you seem to think that it does.

To specifically answer your question, I do NOT think that two objects cannot repel each other even if one is accelerating toward the other, since they clearly can. Think magnets.
 
Can we focus on cosmology?
 
  • #10
PeroK said:
The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are on a collision course, due to their mutual gravitational attraction. See, for example:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda–Milky_Way_collision

At the largest cosmological scales, so-called dark energy (energy of the vacuum) dominates gravitational attraction and results in an accelerating expansion of the universe.
The force pushing the entire universe is the force of universal repulsion. Ok?
 
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  • #11
Zerger said:
why is the term "universal attraction" used
Where is the term "universal attraction" used? Please provide some specific references that use that term. Two words taken out of context are not particularly meaningful.

My guess is that those specific references are describing the Newtonian law of gravity. This law does not apply at cosmological scales.
 
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  • #12
Zerger said:
The force pushing the entire universe is the force of universal repulsion. Ok?
Not OK!
 
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  • #13
PeroK said:
Not OK!
Ok.
 

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