Why nonpolar solvent "picks up" water?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the behavior of anhydrous toluene as a nonpolar solvent and its interaction with water over time. Despite toluene being immiscible with water, it can still absorb moisture from the atmosphere, leading to a decrease in its anhydrous quality. The conversation highlights that all substances have some degree of solubility in one another, and emphasizes the importance of handling solvents to minimize atmospheric contamination. No definitive method for calculating the solvent's quality over time was established.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of solvent properties, specifically nonpolar solvents like toluene.
  • Knowledge of solubility principles and how they apply to various substances.
  • Familiarity with laboratory practices regarding solvent storage and handling.
  • Basic chemistry concepts related to immiscibility and atmospheric effects on chemical substances.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the solubility of various nonpolar solvents in water.
  • Learn about the effects of humidity on the quality of laboratory solvents.
  • Investigate methods for minimizing atmospheric contamination during solvent transfer.
  • Explore techniques for measuring moisture content in organic solvents.
USEFUL FOR

Chemists, laboratory technicians, and anyone involved in solvent handling and storage will benefit from this discussion, particularly those focused on maintaining solvent purity and understanding solubility dynamics.

Hyo X
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Most solvents we use in the laboratory have some shelf life. Experimental example: Say you have a 4L bottle of anhydrous toluene and you regularly pour out/use small volumes of it over the course of a year. One year from opening date, you have 1L of toluene left.
Will this toluene still be "anhydrous" or will it have some small amount of water picked up from humidity in the atmosphere? Isn't toluene immiscible with water? So why would water solvate into a nonpolar solvent like this? is there a way to calculate/estimate the quality of the solvent after some time?
 
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Hyo X said:
Will this toluene still be "anhydrous" or will it have some small amount of water picked up from humidity in the atmosphere? Isn't toluene immiscible with water? So why would water solvate into a nonpolar solvent like this? is there a way to calculate/estimate the quality of the solvent after some time?
No, and yes. No. Everything is soluble to some degree in everything else. No.
 
When you transfer the solvent from one vessel to another you are not just pouring the solvent. You are also pouring atmosphere into the source vessel. It is a matter of perspective.

Try to pour hydrogen from one vessel to another in normal atmosphere. You need to have the destination vessel "upside down."

BoB

PS: see you can make a similar video with everything inverted with hydrogen.
 

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