Why the figure of eight is not a manifold?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the question of whether the figure of eight can be classified as a manifold, exploring the implications of removing points and the connectedness of the structure. Participants examine various proofs and arguments related to manifold properties, particularly in the context of topology.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the classification of the figure of eight as a manifold, noting that removing the crossing point leads to a disconnected structure, yet removing a point in \mathbb{R}^2 does not affect connectedness.
  • Another participant argues that while the figure of eight cannot be a 2-manifold, this does not necessarily imply it lacks any manifold structure at all, suggesting that additional arguments are needed.
  • A suggestion is made to use the classification of 1-manifolds to demonstrate that the figure eight is not a manifold, although this approach is characterized as overly complex compared to simpler connectedness arguments.
  • One participant draws a parallel to the wedge sum of two copies of the real line, indicating that similar reasoning can be applied to show it is not a manifold by examining connected components after removing a point.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the necessity and complexity of proofs regarding the manifold status of the figure of eight. There is no consensus on a single approach or proof method, indicating ongoing debate.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the arguments presented rely on specific topological properties and definitions, and the discussion does not resolve the broader implications for manifold theory.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying topology, particularly in understanding manifold classifications and the implications of connectedness in geometric structures.

maxverywell
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Why the figure of eight is not a manifold?

I have read somewhere that if we remove the crossing point than the the figure of eight becomes disconnected, but by removing one point in [itex]\mathbb{R}^2[/itex] it's still connected.

Is there any other proof without removing the crossing point?
 
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maxverywell said:
I have read somewhere that if we remove the crossing point than the the figure of eight becomes disconnected, but by removing one point in [itex]\mathbb{R}^2[/itex] it's still connected.

This does show that the figure eight cannot be a 2-manifold, but it does not show that it has no manifold structure at all. You need some additional arguments for that. For example to show that the figure eight is not a 1-manifold, you could note in a sufficiently small neighborhood of the crossing point, if you remove this point then you end up with four connected components. The higher-dimensional cases are pretty easy too.

Is there any other proof without removing the crossing point?

Sure. You could use something like the classification of 1-manifolds to show that the figure eight is not a manifold, but doing that is like killing a fly with a sledgehammer. The connectedness argument is nice because it is simple and does not rely on a bunch of heavy machinery.
 
I'm curious as to why you want a different way anyways? A very similar example is the wedge sum of two copies of the real line which happens to be homeomorphic to the disjoint union of the x and y axes which can be shown to fail to be a manifold in the same exact method alluded to by Jgens: by looking at the 4 connected path components one gets by removing the origin; higher dimensional cases are yet again rather easy. Why make it more involved than it needs to be?
 
Thanks!
 

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