Look what 5 minutes in Pubmed have produced!
Here, ill post the abstracts for you..
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Postgrad Med J. 2005 Dec;81(962):753-5. Related Articles, Links
Unexpected development of artistic talents.
Gordon N.
Huntlywood, 3 Styal Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AE, UK.
neil-gordon@doctors.org.uk
The development of exceptional and unexpected artistic skills at any age must be a matter of curiosity. This can occur among young children with severe learning difficulties, especially if they are autistic. Some examples of these so called idiot-savants are given, and the way in which their brains may function. It is also true that elderly people who suffer from frontotemporal dementia can find that they are able to express themselves in remarkable art forms. This can occur in other types of dementia, but then more often it is the changes that result in the paintings of established artists, for example in the paintings of de Kooning. Possible links between these two phenomenon are discussed, and it is suggested that in both instances it may be that if the brain is relieved of a number of functions it can concentrate on the remaining ones. Ways in which this may operate in both groups are reviewed.
PMID: 16344297 [PubMed - in process]
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 Jul;47(7):500-3. Related Articles, Links
Savant talent.
Pring L.
Psychology Department, Goldsmiths College, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK.
l.pring@gold.ac.uk
The notion of talent is an elusive concept but there appears to be sound evidence that both savants and experts share important qualities. Brief descriptive accounts of the talents displayed by savants are presented, along with a discussion of intelligence, implicit learning, and the organization of knowledge. Cognitive theories helpful in understanding exceptional abilities in people with autism are also discussed. It is concluded that a certain cognitive style, i.e. weak coherence, may predispose individuals to develop their talents. Although it would be interesting to speculate that some great artists and mathematicians show a similar degree of obsessive preoccupation and a cognitive style reminiscent of autistic spectrum disorder, presumably as a strategic mechanism, there is, as yet, little research on the subject.
Publication Types:
Review
PMID: 15991873 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Autistic savants. [correction of artistic]
Hou C, Miller BL, Cummings JL, Goldberg M, Mychack P, Bottino V, Benson DF.
Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to examine common patterns in the lives and artwork of five artistic savants previously described and to report on the clinical, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging findings from one newly diagnosed artistic savant. BACKGROUND: The artistic savant syndrome has been recognized for centuries, although its neuroanatomic basis remains a mystery. METHODS: The cardinal features, strengths, and weaknesses of the work of these six savants were analyzed and compared with those of children with autism in whom artistic talent was absent. An anatomic substrate for these behaviors was considered in the context of newly emerging theories related to paradoxical functional facilitation, visual thinking, and multiple intelligences. RESULTS: The artists had features of "pervasive developmental disorder," including impairment in social interaction and communication as well as restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interest, and activities. All six demonstrated a strong preference for a single art medium and showed a restricted variation in artistic themes. None understood art theory. Some autistic features contributed to their success, including attention to visual detail, a tendency toward ritualistic compulsive repetition, the ability to focus on one topic at the expense of other interests, and intact memory and visuospatial skills. CONCLUSIONS: The artistic savant syndrome remains rare and mysterious in origin. Savants exhibit extraordinary visual talents along with profound linguistic and social impairment. The intense focus on and ability to remember visual detail contributes to the artistic product of the savant. The anatomic substrate for the savant syndrome may involve loss of function in the left temporal lobe with enhanced function of the posterior neocortex.
Publication Types:
Case Reports
PMID: 10645734 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Br J Disord Commun. 1989 Apr;24(1):1-20. Related Articles, Links
The 1988 Jansson memorial lecture. The performance of the 'idiot-savant': implicit and explicit.
O'Connor N.
'Idiots-savants' are people of low intelligence who have one or two outstanding talents such as calendrical calculation, drawing or musical performance. Such people are mostly male and occur with high frequency among the autistic population. Do they perform their amazing feats because of an outstanding memory or do they draw on some faculty of reasoning to help them? Although they cannot easily make clear how they carry out their tasks by using speech, experiments reveal that they follow simple rules which they use to aid them in recalling correct dates and sequences in classical music. It has been said that they cannot abstract but this turns out not to be true: all can abstract to some degree and some are more at home with abstract than with concrete material. Whatever else is true of these handicapped but gifted people their gift becomes apparent at an early age and is apparently not improved by practice. Perhaps the most important conclusion from work with these groups is that their gifts force us to think again about the concept of general intelligence. How far is it possible to have low intelligence and yet be an outstanding musician or artist? Speculation on this idea may force us to revise our concepts of intelligence, neuropsychology and handicap.
PMID: 2638187 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Neurocase. 2004 Jun;10(3):215-22. Related Articles, Links
Switching skills on by turning off part of the brain.
Young RL, Ridding MC, Morrell TL.
Department of Psychology, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia.
robyn.young@flinders.edu.au
Snyder and Mitchell (1999) have argued that the extraordinary skills of savants, including mathematics and drawing, are within us all but cannot normally be accessed without some form of brain damage. It has also been argued that such skills can be made accessible to normal people by switching off part of their brain artificially using magnetic pulses (Carter, 1999). Using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to interrupt the function of the frontotemporal lobe, a region of the brain implicated in the development of savant skills (Miller et al., 1996,1998), we tested this hypothesis. Here we show that savant-type skills improved in 5 out of 17 participants during the period of stimulation. The enhanced skills included declarative memory, drawing, mathematics, and calendar calculating.In addition to overall improvement being observed, striking improvements in individual performance on various tasks were also seen.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
PMID: 15788259 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Concept formation: 'object' attributes dynamically inhibited from conscious awareness.
Snyder A, Bossomaier T, Mitchell DJ.
Centre for the Mind, Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia.
allan@centreforthemind.com
We advance a dominant neural strategy for facilitating conceptual thought. Concepts are groupings of "object" attributes. Once the brain learns such critical groupings, the "object" attributes are inhibited from conscious awareness. We see the whole, not the parts. The details are inhibited when the concept network is activated, ie. the inhibition is dynamic and can be switched on and off. Autism is suggested to be the state of retarded concept formation. Our model predicts the possibility of accessing nonconscious information by artificially disinhibiting (turning off) the inhibiting networks associated with concept formation, using transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS). For example, this opens the door for the restoration of perfect pitch, for recalling detail, for acquiring accent-free second languages beyond puberty, and even for enhancing creativity. The model further shows how unusual autistic savant skills as well as certain psychopathologies can be due respectively to privileged or inadvertent access to information that is normally inhibited from conscious awareness.
PMID: 15139077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
1: J Integr Neurosci. 2003 Dec;2(2):149-58. Related Articles, Links
Savant-like skills exposed in normal people by suppressing the left fronto-temporal lobe.
Snyder AW, Mulcahy E, Taylor JL, Mitchell DJ, Sachdev P, Gandevia SC.
Centre for the Mind, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
allan@centreforthemind.com
The astonishing skills of savants have been suggested to be latent in everyone, but are not normally accessible without a rare form of brain impairment. We attempted to simulate such brain impairment in healthy people by directing low-frequency magnetic pulses into the left fronto-temporal lobe. Significant stylistic changes in drawing were facilitated by the magnetic pulses in four of our 11 participants. Some of these "facilitated" participants also displayed enhanced proofreading ability. Our conclusions are derived from 11 right-handed male university students, eight of whom underwent placebo stimulation. We examined performance before, during and after exposure to the stimulation.
PMID: 15011267 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Int J Psychoanal. 2003 Aug;84(Pt 4):1061-2. Related Articles, Links
Comment on:
Int J Psychoanal. 2003 Feb;84(Pt 1):17-30.
Savant syndrome and dreams.
Blechner MJ.
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Of particular interest is number 5 and 7. I couldn't access the content on the last one and there was no abstract.
Thank you for making me research this area; it is very interesting and I never bothered with it before...