Abstract Algebra: Automorphisms

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the properties of automorphisms in group theory, specifically whether automorphisms must map generators to generators, and the implications of this on homomorphisms. Participants explore examples and counterexamples related to these concepts.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant asserts that an automorphism of a group should map generators to generators, arguing that failure to do so would contradict the preservation of group structure.
  • Another participant questions whether the discussion pertains only to non-constant homomorphisms, mentioning the constant map to the identity as a potential counterexample.
  • A different viewpoint suggests that while an automorphism will map a generating set to a generating set, it does not necessarily map to the same generators, providing an example involving a free abelian group.
  • It is noted that homomorphisms from a group to another must map generators of the first group to generators of the image in the second group, with a specific reference to the group of integers, \(\mathbb{Z}\), which has a unique generator.
  • One participant proposes that a proper subgroup can be mapped to itself via the inclusion homomorphism, indicating that the generators of the subgroup may not generate the entire group.
  • Concerns are raised about the implications of a non-trivial kernel in a homomorphism, suggesting that a generator could be mapped to the identity, which complicates the definition of a generating set.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the necessity of mapping generators to generators in homomorphisms and automorphisms. There is no consensus on the implications of these mappings, and the discussion remains unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight various assumptions, such as the nature of generators and the conditions under which homomorphisms operate, including surjectivity and the implications of non-trivial kernels.

nateHI
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I have a question about Automorphisms. Please check the following statement for validity...

An automorphism of a group should map generators to generators. Suppose it didn't, well then the group structure wouldn't be preserved and since automorphisms are homomorphisms this would be a contradiction.

If this is valid is there an example of a homomorphism (not an automorphism) of groups, say ##\phi:G\to H## that doesn't map a generator of ##G## to a generator of ##H##?
 
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Isnt the constant map to the identity a homomorphism? Or do you mean for non-constant maps?

EDIT: Actually, the identity does generate the subgroup Im(G).
 
Last edited:
An automorphism of a group with a generating set will map the generating set to a generating set, but not necessarily the same one. For a concrete example, we could map the free abelian group G on two symbols \{x,y\} to itself by mapping x\mapsto x-y and y\mapsto 2y-x.

More generally, homomorphisms G\rightarrow H don't have any choice other than to map generators of G to the generators of the image in H. \mathbb{Z} makes a good example since it only has one generator. If I'm looking at any morphism \mathbb{Z}\rightarrow G, I need only define \varphi(1). As then, \varphi(n) = \varphi(\underbrace{1+1+\ldots +1}_\text{n}) = \underbrace{\varphi(1)+\varphi(1)+\ldots \varphi(1)}_\text{n} \in G So \varphi(1) generates \textrm{Im}(\varphi)\leq G. This works similarly for any other group with a generating set, since every element will break down into combinations of those in the generating set. The only caveat is that its possible to map generators to the identity of the codomain group.. in which case it's not much of a generator anymore.
 
OK, thank you both for your reply. It's a little more clear now.
 
Like Fire Garden said, this is the defining ( Universal) property of free "objects".
 
nateHI said:
I have a question about Automorphisms. Please check the following statement for validity...

An automorphism of a group should map generators to generators. Suppose it didn't, well then the group structure wouldn't be preserved and since automorphisms are homomorphisms this would be a contradiction.

If this is valid is there an example of a homomorphism (not an automorphism) of groups, say ##\phi:G\to H## that doesn't map a generator of ##G## to a generator of ##H##?

Map any proper subgroup of a group to itself by the inclusion homomorphism. Then any set of generators of the subgroup can not be a set of generators of the group.

More generally the homomorphism must be surjective.

However, if the kernel is non-trivial then a generator may be mapped to the identity. In this case one might ask whether a set that contains the identity is really a set of generators. Certainly if you take set of generators to mean a minimal set i.e. a set that can not be made smaller and still generate the group, then a set containing the identity is not a set of generators.
 

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