Analyzing a Closed Set on the Complex Line

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on determining if the set A = { |1/(z² + 1)| : |z| = 1; z ≠ ±i } is a closed set on the complex line. A closed set is defined by the inclusion of all its limit points. Participants suggest analyzing the function f(z) = |1/(z² + 1)|, where z is constrained to the unit circle excluding ±i, to identify the points in the set A. The approach involves examining convergent sequences and their limits within the context of complex analysis.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of complex analysis concepts, particularly closed sets.
  • Familiarity with metric spaces and limit points.
  • Knowledge of functions defined on the complex plane.
  • Ability to analyze sequences and their convergence in complex settings.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of closed sets in metric spaces.
  • Learn about the image of functions in complex analysis, specifically regarding ranges.
  • Investigate the concept of limit points and their significance in topology.
  • Explore examples of convergent sequences in the context of complex functions.
USEFUL FOR

Students of complex analysis, mathematicians exploring topology, and anyone interested in understanding the properties of closed sets in metric spaces.

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Homework Statement



on the complex line, with the usual metric, I need to determine if this is a closed set.

A = \left\{\left|\frac{1}{z^{2}+1} \right|: |z| = 1 ; z\neq \pm i\right \}

Homework Equations


The Attempt at a Solution



A closed set implies that the set of all limit points belongs to A.

Usually I'm given a function, and I take an arbitrary convergent sequence and show whether or not that point to which it converges is in A or not. But when I have just a set like this, I'm unsure of how to do that. Any advice?
 
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Try finding a way to figure out what points are in the set.

Also, you might find it worthwhile to think of A as the image (your prof might call it the range) of the function f\colon \{z:|z|=1, z\neq\pm i\}\to\mathbb{C} defined by
f(z) = \left|\frac{1}{z^2+1}\right|.​
 

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