Analyzing Convergent Series w/Supremum & Integral Norms

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the convergence of the series defined by \( f_n(t) = \frac{t^n}{n} \) in the spaces \( (C[0,1], ||\cdot||_{\infty}) \) and \( (C[0,1], ||\cdot||_{1}) \). It is established that while the series is Cauchy in \( (C[0,1], ||\cdot||_{1}) \), it does not converge to an element within this space due to its incompleteness. The limit of the series \( \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n(n+1)} \) converges to 1, but the series itself does not converge to zero, which is necessary for membership in \( C[0,1] \).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Cauchy sequences in metric spaces
  • Familiarity with the supremum norm \( ||\cdot||_{\infty} \) and integral norm \( ||\cdot||_{1} \)
  • Knowledge of convergence criteria for series in functional analysis
  • Basic calculus, specifically integration techniques
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of Cauchy sequences in Banach spaces
  • Learn about the completeness of function spaces, particularly \( C[0,1] \)
  • Explore the concept of convergence in \( L^p \) spaces
  • Investigate the implications of the Dominated Convergence Theorem in series convergence
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, students of functional analysis, and anyone studying convergence in series within the context of metric spaces will benefit from this discussion.

BSCowboy
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I have been thinking about this problem:
Determine whether the following series are convergent in \left(C[0,1],||\cdot ||_{\infty}\right) and \left(C[0,1],||\cdot ||_{1}\right).
when
f_n(t)=\frac{t^n}{n}

In the supremum norm, this seems pretty straightforward, but in the integral norm I am confused since,
\left\|\sum\frac{t^n}{n}\right\|_1\leq\sum\left\|\frac{t^n}{n}\right\|_1=\sum\int_0^1\frac{t^n}{n}dt=\sum\left[\frac{t^{n+1}}{n^2+n}\right]_0^1=\sum\frac{1}{n^2+n}<\sum\frac{1}{n^2}
and, I think this converges as n\rightarrow\infty, but our instructor said this did not converge, or maybe I heard him incorrectly. So, does this converge? He asked us to show the series is Cauchy and that the limit is not in the space as well. What am I missing?
 
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Could you be more precise as to what is supposed to be converging to what? Partial sums of fn(t) or fn(t) itself as a sequence.
 
Actually, I think I might have figured it out:
f_n(t)=\frac{t^n}{n} \text{ in } \left(C[0,1],\|\cdot\|_1\right)

\|f_n\|_1=\int_0^1f_n(t)dt=\frac{1}{n(n+1)} \text{ and } \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n(n+1)}\rightarrow 0

But, because the space \left(C[0,1],\|\cdot\|_1\right) is not complete all we know is that f_n(t) is Cauchy. I was missing the part about the space being complete.
Also, you can see that limit is not an element of C[0,1].
 
<br /> \sum_{n=1}^\infty {\frac 1 {n(n+1)} \not \to 0<br />

but

<br /> \lim_{n \to \infty} \frac 1 {n(n+1)} \to 0<br />
 
Also \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n(n+1)} = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \left[ \frac{1}{n} - \frac{1}{n+1} \right] = 1
 

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