Are acids made up of ions or molecular substances?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on whether acids are composed of ions or molecular substances, with a focus on the behavior of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and various acids in aqueous solutions. Participants explore the dissociation and ionization of these substances in water, examining both ionic and covalent characteristics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is ionic because it consists of Na+ and OH- ions, which dissociate completely in water.
  • Others note that not all hydroxides are soluble in water, suggesting variability in behavior.
  • There is a discussion about whether acids, in general, are made up of ions, with examples provided for clarification.
  • One participant explains that hydrochloric acid (HCl) is formed from hydrogen chloride gas, which is covalently bonded, but dissociates into ions in solution.
  • Another participant describes sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as dissociating into H+ and SO4-2 ions in solution, highlighting its strong acid behavior.
  • Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is mentioned as a weak acid that only partially dissociates into ions when dissolved in water, indicating that not all acids behave the same way.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of acids and their composition, with no consensus reached on whether acids are fundamentally ionic or molecular substances. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the general characteristics of acids.

Contextual Notes

Participants acknowledge the complexity of acids compared to hydroxides, with specific examples illustrating the variability in dissociation and ionization behavior. The discussion highlights the dependence on definitions and the context of solubility.

PPonte
NaOH and other hydroxide bases are ionic or molecular substances?

In water, they will dissociate into a cation and one or more hydroxide ions or ionize, forming those ions?
 
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not all hydroxides are soluble in water
 
GCT, that is not the point, altough it is an interesting information.

You did not answer my question or I hadn't express myself clear?
It is basically: NaOH dissociates or ionizes in water?
 
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) [and other Hydroxide substances] are ionic as they are made up of ions.

In Sodium Hydroxide, there is one Na+1 ion for every 1 Hydroxide (OH-) ion to form an over all neutral ionic compound.

In water, the two ions dissassociate (completely in the case of NaOH) to form an aqueous solution of Na+ and OH-.
 
Thank you, mrjeffy321!
And a general acid, let's say HA, is also made up of ions?
 
Acids are a little bit tricky-er than Hydroxides.

For example, take Hydrochloric acid...,
Hydrochloric acid is made by dissolving Hydrogen Chloride gas in water, when this happens, the HCl breaks up into ions in solution forming the acid solution, however, HCl gas is not ionic, the H and Cl atoms are held together with a polar covalent bond.

Another example,
Sulfuric acid is an aqueous solution of H2SO4, which is held together through the attractions between the H+ and SO4-2 ions. When H2SO4 is put into solution, since it is a strong acid, it will easily dissassociate completely into H+ and HSO4- ions, and then partially dissassociate again into H+ and SO4-2 ions (HSO4- is not as strong of an acid as H2SO4).

Another example,
Hydroflouric acid (HF) is made up of Hydrogen Flouride, a very ionic substance. Since Hydroflouric acid is a weak acid (because it isn't a strong acid) When HF is dissolved in water, only some of it dissassociates into ions.

But yes, for a very general case, acids are usually made up of ions since when they are dissolved, they will liberate H+ ions into solution, lowering the pH.
 

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