Are Galaxies Moving Faster Than Light Due to Space Expansion?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the implications of Hubble's Law, particularly regarding galaxies moving faster than the speed of light due to the expansion of space. It is established that galaxies can recede from each other at velocities exceeding the speed of light, but this does not violate the local speed limit of light, as the expansion of space is the driving factor. The concept of an absolute frame of reference is dismissed, as all inertial frames behave identically, and measurements are relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The discussion also highlights that while local velocities are limited to the speed of light, recessional velocities have no upper limit.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Hubble's Law and its implications on cosmic expansion.
  • Familiarity with the concept of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).
  • Knowledge of local versus recessional velocities in cosmology.
  • Basic grasp of inertial frames of reference and their significance in physics.
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore the implications of Hubble's Law on cosmological models.
  • Study the properties and significance of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).
  • Investigate the differences between local and recessional velocities in the context of general relativity.
  • Learn about the concept of inertial frames and their role in modern physics.
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Astronomers, astrophysicists, and students of cosmology who are interested in the dynamics of galaxies, the nature of space expansion, and the fundamental principles of relativity.

  • #31
Bandersnatch said:
But the now-velocity of the galaxy and the emission-velocity was mixed up. I.e., it should read 3.62c at emission, and 2.08c now - not the other way around.
Did I mix that up? If so, I of course meant it the other way around (:
Edit: I see, I was obviously too stupid to read my own chart (:
 
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  • #32
user9003 said:
hence the 5 km/s value is not known unless a absolute frame of reference is defined. isn't this correct
No. It isn't correct. The 5km/s value is simply relative to some arbitrary reference frame.
 
  • #33
Bandersnatch said:
the now-velocity of the galaxy and the emission-velocity was mixed up. I.e., it should read 3.62c at emission, and 2.08c now - not the other way around

Ah, got it.
 
  • #34
On the x-axis you have the redshift (as observed today), and on the y-axis the recessional velocity (orange is the velocity at emission and brown at absorption)

7.gif


You see that objects with z < 1.8963 are faster today than they were when they emitted the light we receive now (the relative distance since then has changed more than the scale factor), while objects with z > 1.8963 are slower now than they were when they emitted their light (the expansion rate fell more than the distance increased while the light travelled).
 

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