ATP or Its Hydrolysis: What Gives Energy?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the role of ATP and its hydrolysis in providing energy for cellular processes. Participants explore whether the energy comes from ATP itself or from its hydrolysis into ADP and phosphate, examining the implications for biological reactions and energy transfer mechanisms.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that ATP is involved in many bodily reactions and questions whether ATP or its hydrolysis is the source of energy.
  • Another participant asserts that the hydrolysis of ATP provides energy because ATP has higher chemical potential energy than its hydrolysis products, ADP and phosphate.
  • A further contribution discusses the concentration ratio of ATP to ADP in living cells, suggesting that this displacement from equilibrium is what provides free energy during hydrolysis.
  • Another participant uses an analogy of a slide to describe how phosphates represent high potential energy, indicating that adding phosphates builds potential energy, and that cellular processes can utilize this energy to overcome thermodynamic costs.
  • This participant also mentions specific enzymes, like glutamine synthetase, that facilitate reactions involving ATP and phosphate transfer, emphasizing the complexity of energy dynamics in cellular processes.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on whether the energy is derived from ATP itself or from its hydrolysis, indicating that the discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing perspectives.

Contextual Notes

Some statements rely on assumptions about biochemical processes and the definitions of energy transfer mechanisms, which may not be universally agreed upon. The discussion also touches on specific biochemical pathways without resolving the complexities involved.

Ali Inam
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I have studied that ATP gets involved in almost all the reactions in our body, from cell processes to muscular movements and others.

But I just found out today (during a lecture), that whenever we talk about ATP or whenever energy is being required by ATP, ATP is hydrolysed into ADP and Phosphorus and then it provide the energy.

So, what really gives the energy, ATP or its hydrolysis.

Or does the hydrolysis of ATP releases energy to fulfil the energy needs of the process ?
 
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The hydrolysis of ATP provides the energy to power many of the processes in the cell. This occurs because ATP has a higher chemical potential energy than the products of hydrolysis, ADP and phosphate.
 


Expanding Ygggdrasil's comment a bit, the concentration ratio of ATP to ADP ([ATP]/[ADP]) in living cells is about 10^10 higher than equilibrium conditions. It is this displacement from equilibrium that provides free energy during hydrolysis.
 


Ali Inam said:
I have studied that ATP gets involved in almost all the reactions in our body, from cell processes to muscular movements and others.

But I just found out today (during a lecture), that whenever we talk about ATP or whenever energy is being required by ATP, ATP is hydrolysed into ADP and Phosphorus and then it provide the energy.

So, what really gives the energy, ATP or its hydrolysis.

Or does the hydrolysis of ATP releases energy to fulfil the energy needs of the process
?

Don't think about it like that, think about it like a slide. Phosphates are high potential energy molecules, stacking them on adenosine "builds" potential energy (going up the slide via the steps). Each step is the addition of a phosphate, starting with AMP (monophosphate) up to ATP (triphosphate), at the top of the slide.

Lots of those cellular processes involve the transfer of the phosphate group from ATP via hydrolytic sites on the enzymes that catalyze them or transfer to an intermediary group ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_state" ).

Consider for example, glutamine synthetase, which catalyzes the reaction of glutamate (glutamic acid) to glutamine.

glutamine-synthesis.jpg


By starting certain reactions at the top of the slide, cellular processes can overcome the thermodynamical "cost" of running reactions.

Once you've slide down the slide and are left with no phosphates, you have to invest some work in stacking them back on the top of the slide, which is where "real" energy production comes from-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation" and various other minor processes.
 
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