Axiomatized Formal Theory Proof

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the proof of the undecidability of a Consistent and Sufficiently Strong Axiomatized Formal Theory (AFT). Participants explore the implications of the Diagonal Argument and related theorems in formal logic and computability.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant requests guidance on proving that a Consistent and Sufficiently Strong AFT is undecidable, suggesting a connection to the Diagonal Argument.
  • Another participant seeks clarification on the term "AFT" and the meaning of "formal" in the context of proofs, questioning whether a formalized proof or a textbook proof is intended.
  • A participant identifies AFT as Axiomatized Formal Theory and references Church's theorem, noting that pure first-order predicate calculus is undecidable due to the encoding of Turing machines and the halting problem.
  • This participant also mentions Robinson's system $Q$ as undecidable, explaining that computable functions can be represented in $Q$ and linking this to the provability of halting conditions.
  • The diagonal argument is noted as relevant to Gödel's second theorem regarding the incompleteness of Peano Arithmetic.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

The discussion does not reach a consensus on the proof of undecidability, with multiple viewpoints and references to different theorems and interpretations present.

Contextual Notes

Participants express varying interpretations of formal proofs and the implications of undecidability, with references to specific theorems and literature that may not be universally agreed upon.

agapito
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Can someone please direct me to ,or show, a proof that a Consistent and Sufficiently Strong AFT is not decidable. It presumably involves the Diagonal Argument, but I can't figure out how to apply it.

Many thanks.
 
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What is AFT?

Also, "formal" in the context of proof lately means proofs that have been verified by a computer program (proof assistant, such as Coq, Isabelle, Agda and so on). Do you have a formalized proof in mind or simply a proof from a textbook?
 
I realized that AFT stands for Axiomatized Formal Theory.

There is Church's theorem that says that pure first-order predicate calculus is not decidable. This is proved by showing that Turing machines can be encoded in predicate calculus and the fact that a machine halts can be expresses as a formula. There is also a theorem that Robinson's system $Q$ (Peano Arithmetic without induction) is undecidable. This is proved by showing that computable functions are representable in $Q$. Again, for each machine and input there exists a formula saying that the machine halts on that input, and the machine indeed halts iff that formula is provable.

These two results can be found, for example, in the Open Logic Project books "Sets, Logic, Computation" and "Incompleteness and Computability". Another comprehensive book that deals with this is Computability and Logic by Boolos et al.

The diagonal argument is used, in particular, in the proof of second Gödel's theorem about incompleteness of Peano Arithmetic.
 
Thank you very much.
 

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