Background radiation

[dlgoff]

TL;DR Summary

Background radiation question

I'm seeing 2-3K counts/minute background on my Ludlum Model 3 Survey Meter. Are we having above normal rates lately?

Never mind, I was on the X0.1 scale. But that's still high, isn't it?

 

[gleem]

What kind of probe do you have? GM or scintillator?

 

[dlgoff]

What kind of probe do you have? GM or scintillator?

It's a NaI(Tl) scintillator, 2.5 cm (1 in) dia. x 0.1 cm (0.04 in) thick*

*From this link: https://ludlums.com/products/all-products/product/model-44-3

That link does show that Typical Background is 300cpm, so maybe what I'm seeing is normal.

 

[gleem]

Ok. I have used this probe for contamination surveys. It is used primarily for low-energy gamma/Xrays. Being thin its response for high energy gammas is fairly low. 2-3k counts per minute is definitely high. Is this a new instrument for you? Did it come with a check source?

 

[dlgoff]

Did it come with a check source?

I do have a check source. Not sure what I should be seeing, but at about 6 inches away, I'm seeing a little less than 1K counts/minute.

 

[gleem]

6 inches away from what?

 

[dlgoff]

6 inches away from what?

Away from the check source.

 

[gleem]

Duh, sorry about that question. That sounds reasonable. How does it compared to the reading when you first got the instrument?

 

[dlgoff]

Duh, sorry about that question. That sounds reasonable. How does it compared to the reading when you first got the instrument?

Actually, I've only had it for a short time. I purchased it on Ebay and there are no calibration stickers. I guess it needs to be calibrated correctly, which I don't know how to proceed.

BTW: Thanks for your time with this.

 

[gleem]

The problem with this particular probe is that it is meant for low-energy gammas. Most sources of radiation that you might be interested in are fairly high. The problem is the sensitivity and therefore the cpm/ millisievert is dependent on the radiation energy.

Here is an energy response curve from Ludlum

As you can see the cpm varies significantly for the energy of the gamma so radiation exposure rate for a given isotope will not be the same for a given cpm reading.

 

[dlgoff]

The problem with this particular probe is that it is meant for low-energy gammas. Most sources of radiation that you might be interested in are fairly high. The problem is the sensitivity and therefore the cpm/ millisievert is dependent on the radiation energy.

Here is an energy response curve from LudlumView attachment 291421

As you can see the cpm varies significantly for the energy of the gamma so radiation exposure rate for a given isotope will not be the same for a given cpm reading.

I understand, but I'm seeing these high readings from just the background.

edit: Still could be a good calibration is needed.

 

[gleem]

Then you said you had 1 Kcpm from the check source. Did you get that number by subtracting the background reading from the check source reading? Where was the check source when you initially read the background?

 

[dlgoff]

Then you said you had 1 Kcpm from the check source. Did you get that number by subtracting the background reading from the check source reading? Where was the check source when you initially read the background?

Let me try reading the check source then subtracting the background. I've got someone coming for dinner, so I'll check later and reply here.

The check source was in a lead pig when I looked at the background.

You've been very helpful. Thank You

 

[gleem]

Take the meter outside away from any buildings to check the background. If the reading is still high there may be a problem with the meter.

 

[dlgoff]

Take the meter outside away from any buildings to check the background. If the reading is still high there may be a problem with the meter.

Will do. I moved around in my trailer thinking there might be a source somewhere. But outside it is. :)

 

[dlgoff]

@gleem
Okay. Outside, the check source, at about 8 inches away from the detector, was reading 1000 counts/minute and the background varied from 200 to 300 with burst sometimes to 500 counts/minute. So, what does this tell us?

Thanks. Just trying to make sense of this.

 

[gleem]

Sounds like the detector is fine. Go back in the house with the detector on and watch the background as you get closer. Does it stay about the same 200-330 cpm?

 

[dlgoff]

Sounds like the detector is fine. Go back in the house with the detector on and watch the background as you get closer. Does it stay about the same 200-330 cpm?

Inside, the background is now showing 200 to 300 counts/minute. So all's good, right?

 

[gleem]

Right so why the 2 - 3 Kcpm counts in the OP?

 

[dlgoff]

Right so why the 2 - 3 Kcpm counts in the OP?

I don't know. Looks like the thing fixed itself.

 

[gleem]

Check the counter with your check source in the same configuration every time you use it.

 

[dlgoff]

Check the counter with your check source in the same configuration every time you use it.

Okay. Hopefully it stays fixed.

Thanks for all your help

 

[gleem]

Maybe what you observed was radiation from a solar flare that is occurring presently.

 

[dlgoff]

Maybe what you observed was radiation from a solar flare that is occurring presently.

That's what I was thinking when I wrote, Are we having above normal rates lately?, in the OP. So there is a solar flare going on? I tried googling about that, but couldn't find a reliable site. Thanks.

 

[gleem]

Lots of Aurora Borealis seen fairly far South.

https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/29/weather/northern-southern-lights-us-europe-wx-scn/index.html

 

[dlgoff]

Lots of Aurora Borealis seen fairly far South.

https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/29/weather/northern-southern-lights-us-europe-wx-scn/index.html

Wish it would be visible here in Kansas.

 

[Eric Reiter]

Count rate depends on how the pulse-height discriminator is set. What electronics are you using on the Ludlum detector? I have not seen anyone here talk about pulse-height. The graph that Gleem posted is not counts per minute; it is energy of the pulses, which is proportional to pulse-height.

The detector you purchased is more of an x-ray detector than a gamma detector, because it is only 1 mm thick. You should use Am-241 from a smoke detector as a check source. There is both a gamma and x-ray from Am-241 to use to calibrate how to set your discriminator level. You can look up the eV; the gamma is near 59KeV if I remember correctly. So, you should see the two peaks and then you know what you are looking at. Set the discriminator to see only the larger peak (the gamma) on a pulse height analyzer. If you do not have a pulse height analyzer it is very difficult to make sense of these counts.

If you do not have the ability to set the pulse-height on a discriminator, you will not make any sense from these counts; you might be looking at noise. The detector might be bad. These thin detectors go bad from water leaking in over time. From reading only the gamma pulses, then you can calculate from the 1 uCi source and the distance from it the expected count rate and compare to your experimental rate. The half-life of Am-241 is so long that it should be close to what is marked on the smoke detector (~1 uCi). You will need to tear the smoke detector apart to get the radioisotope close to your detector.

 

[gleem]

The instrument that is used with the probe is the Ludlum model 3 which is just a pulse counter/HV supply which can also be used with GM tubes. The graph which I posted is to indicate the sensitivity to various energies of his probe. The threshold setting is fixed.

As far as check source is concerned any source that can produce a response is sufficient as long as the count rate is adequate, the counting geometry remains the same for the checks and the source is sufficiently long lives.

The OP was alerted to the problem of the meaning of the reading.

 

[dlgoff]

You should use Am-241 from a smoke detector as a check source.

Thank you for this. It detects it nicely. Makes a great check test.

 

[dlgoff]

Okay. Hopefully it stays fixed.

Thanks for all your help

Check the counter with your check source in the same configuration every time you use it.

This counter is still showing the correct background reading, even inside.

 

[davenn]

Right so why the 2 - 3 Kcpm counts in the OP?

Don gave an answer to that in his first post, he has it on the wrong setting ...

Never mind, I was on the X0.1 scale. But that's still high, isn't it?

Ohhh and auroral activity isn't going to make a detector read anything extra... The aurora is produced by
mostly electrons and some protons being trapped in the Earth's magnetic field

And fortunately, because of our atmosphere's protection, reading a burst of x-rays, when they arrive, several days
before the auroral activity begins is unlikely to occur at ground level either.

 

[gleem]

Don gave an answer to that in his first post, he has it on the wrong setting ...

Looks like the half-life of my memory is about 1 post.

Ohhh and auroral activity isn't going to make a detector read anything extra... The aurora is produced by
mostly electrons and some protons being trapped in the Earth's magnetic field

Admittedly that was a bit of a reach but x-rays and gamma rays are a small component of the radiation, and gammas from neutron activation have been observed and Don's NaI detector is quite sensitive to low-energy x-rays.